Boule: link here. [Rhymes with ghoul.]
A boule is a single-crystal ingot produced by synthetic means.A boule of silicon is the starting material for most of the integrated circuits used today. In the semiconductor industry synthetic boules can be made by a number of methods, such as the Bridgman technique and the Czochralski process, which result in a cylindrical rod of material.
I now understand, perhaps, 0.01% of what I’m reading about semiconductors and transistors.
Aluminum nitride (AlN) is being used in transistors, particularly in the field of power electronics.
It's being explored as a material for creating transistors with improved performance compared to traditional materials like silicon. Specifically, AlN's properties like high breakdown field and thermal conductivity make it suitable for high-power and high-temperature applications.
Here's a more detailed explanation: Ultra-Wide Bandgap (UWBG) Material:
AlN is classified as an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor, a class of materials gaining attention for their potential to enable more efficient and high-performance power devices.
Advantages over Silicon: AlN offers several advantages over silicon in power electronics, including a higher breakdown field (allowing for higher voltage operation), higher thermal conductivity (improving heat dissipation), and the ability to operate at higher temperatures.
NTT's Demonstration: NTT Corporation demonstrated the first transistor operation using aluminum nitride in 2022.
Applications: AlN transistors are being explored for applications like electric vehicles and home electronics, where efficient power conversion and high-temperature operation are crucial.
Ongoing Research: While AlN transistors are still in the research and development phase, significant progress is being made in improving their performance and manufacturing processes.
Integration with GaN: AlN can be integrated with other wide-bandgap materials like gallium nitride (GaN), which is already used in some power devices, potentially leading to even more efficient devices.
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World War II
The age of waves:
- the sea waves: U-boats, the British Navy, the US Navy, Churchill, Pacific Theater;
- physics: radio waves, sonar, radar; and,
- of course, Virginia Woolf saw this all coming -- wrote a book titled The Waves. It will be in the public domain January 1, 2027 -- less then two years from now.
