Tuesday, October 14, 2025

Humaine -- Saudi Arabia -- AI -- October 14, 2025

Locator49384HUMAINE

Tag: Humaina Saudi Arabia AI 

Reminder - 

Let's get the numbers down, for chip deals, large data centers, energy demands. I may be completely wrong on this, but this is the scaffolding on which I am beginning. Think of 1 GW as enough electricity to power a million homes:

  • 1 GW: big, should get your attention -- if this were poke, the ante to get into the game
  • 2 GW: sort of becoming the baseline; huge but becoming commonplace -- a raise
  • 6 GW: very few will build anything greater than 5 GW -- most drop out by now
  • 10 GW: OpenAI and that's probably it for now -- wins the pot

Wiki

Timeline:

  • May, 2025: announced
  • August, 2025: building has apparently begu
  • CY2026: to be operational

Status:

Foreign Exchange Reserves -- Russia, Saudi Arabia, China -- Posted October 14, 2025

Locator49383SAUDI. 

Locator49383CHINA.

Locator49383RUSSIA.

Foreign exchange reserves: Russia, Saudi Arabia, China.

Russia, link here: posted October 14, 2025:

Saudi, link here: posted November 4, 2025:

China, link here, posted October 14, 2025:

Four New Permits; Three Permits Canceled; Two DUCs Reported As Completed -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49382B.  

Making America great again:

  • Jeep parent Stellantis announces $13 billion US investment plan.
  • Walmart hits all-time high with announcement to partner with OpenAI; 
  • flows into US ETFs cross $1 trillion at record pace
  • United becomes first major US airline to put Starlink on mainline flights
    • American Airlines will have free internet on most flights next year (2026)  
    • long overdue
  • Amazon's season hiring surge will dwarf last year's seasonal push; 

Disappointment

  • Social Security Administration will announce the 2026 COLA in ten days (October 24, 2025) -- the announcement is delayed slightly due to the government shutdown. 
    • COLA likely to be 2.8%
    • the COLA for 2026 is likely to be substantially lower than adjustments after the pandemic-era inflation spike. The highest recent COLA adjustment of 8.7% took effect in 2023, following a 5.9% increase in benefits for 2022. Both of those increases were the highest in decades at the time.
    • seniors are going to be greatly disappointed; not only will they say they "feel" higher inflation, but they expect inflation will increase once again in CY2026. 

******************************
Back to the Bakken 

WTI: $58.67.

Active rig count: 31.

Four new permits, #42398 - #42401, inclusive:

  • Operator: KODA Resources Operating, LLC
  • Field: Daneville (Divide County)
  • Comments::
    • KODA Resources has permits for four more Bock wells, SESW 17-161-102, 
      • to be sited 459 FSL and 2235 / 2340 FWL.

Three permits canceled:

  • Enerplus, #40999, Lind 145-97-2-11-8H, lot 4, section 2-145-97; Dunn County;
  • BR, #41469, Ole Clemens 3E-TFH-ULW, McKenzie County;
  • Grayson Mill, #41488, Barbara 31-30F, SW 2TFH, McKenzie County.

Two producing wells (DUCs) reported as completed:

  • 40820, 1,120, Hunt Oil, Oakland 154-89-19-18H 3, Mountrail County;
  • 40821, 1,142, Hunt Oil, Oakland 154-89-29-32H 1, Mountrail County;

Apple, Chatbots, Walmart And Thinking Out Loud -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49381APPLE. 

Link here. This story was already on the local evening news. This is how big ChatGPT has become. "Everybody" is using ChatGPT. 

This blog is not ready for prime time. This blog is not completed; it's still in progress, but I think folks will understand where I'm headed and the difficulties I'm having taking this to its conclusion. 

Some time ago, I wrote: 

Apple, a $3-trillion-market cap company. Right, wrong, indifferent, I break it down this way:

  • $1 trillion: hardware with integrated software, e.g., watches, iPhones, laptops, desktops, Vision Pro.
  • $1 trillion: services, e.g., cloud services; TV+; music; Siri; medical (oxygen monitor); apps; browser, maps.
  • $1 trillion: Apple Silicon, the chip division.

With the speed of OpenAI's build-out of its chatbot, ChatGPT, I'm beginning to think Apple came close to missing the entire chatbot revolution. 

ChatGPT (link here) thinks that Apple is still "in the game," but right now, my hunch is this: there are some high-level discussions over at Apple Park right now trying to figure out how to integrate an Apple chatbot into its operating system. 

This gains more urgency when we see:

  • ChatGPT is now considered the "everything app" by some (The Verge) -- link here; and,
  • Walmart has partnered with OpenAI to integrate ChatGPT into its retail market (see above).  

Had Apple / Tim Cook not mis-stepped with regard to integrating a chatbot into its operating system, we might have seen the above transformed into -- what might have been -- one gets the feeling Tim Cook, et al, did not see the big picture of what AI was all about -- it was not simply "Siri on steroids," but it was Siri literally embedded in everything Apple. Like Nick Carraway said in The Great Gatsby, a chatbot needs to be "within and without" (although in this case I'm purposely misreading what Nick Carraway was trying to convey). What might have been had Tim Cook, et al, not mis-stepped:

Apple, a $4-trillion-market cap company:

  • $1 trillion: hardware with integrated software, e.g., watches, iPhones, laptops, desktops, Vision Pro.
  • $1 trillion: services, e.g., cloud services; TV+; music; Siri; medical (oxygen monitor); apps; browser, maps.
  • $1 trillion: Apple Silicon, the chip division.
  • $1 trillion: Apple chatbot integrated into all Apple operating systems.  

Next step: run this by ChatGPT for validation. 

***************************
ChatGPT: Validated 

************************ 
Leads Me To This

Next big thing: how "we" use our "wearables" and how we use our "non-wearables."

In each, AI needs to be embedded.

Apple does not want us clicking on a separate "chatbot icon" for anything, for any number of reasons. We shouldn't even be asking "Siri." "Siri needs to be "there" before we even get there. Siri should be dead. Long live Siri. Search at all levels needs to be embedded. Walmart just figured that out.  

Wearables: strictly for communication and social media (to include photos and video).

Non-wearables: school, work, and research.  

In each, wearable and non-wearables, embedded search will "work" differently. Embedded search will serve different purposes in wearables and non-wearables. 

To be continued / edited / completed. 

Chart Of The Day -- Walmart Partners With OpenAI / ChatGPT -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49380WMT. 

See this note for more background. 

Chart of the day.

Follows the announcement that Walmart has partnered with OpenAI / ChatGPT.

Walmart is forming a partnership with OpenAI to let shoppers buy its products directly within ChatGPT, the artificial-intelligence chatbot. It is a signal by the biggest U.S. retailer that online shopping is going to become a totally different experience from the retail websites we are all used to.

For years, shoppers have used a search bar and browsed a long list of items, Walmart Chief Executive Doug McMillon said Tuesday. “That is about to change,” he said.

It will be interesting to see how shopping Walmart through "the everything app" will be different than shopping Amazon through the Amazon website.

I've suggested (on the blog) that the "ChatSiri" icon could take the place of the other fifteen apps / icons at the bottom of the screen. Could OpenAI/ChatGPT become its own operating system?

Reminiscing -- Operation Provide Comfort -- Northern Iraq -- Southeastern Turkey --- 1991 - 1996 -- Posted October 14, 2025

Locator: 49379USAF. 

Operation Provide Comfort: wiki

Operation Provide Comfort took place from April 6, 1991, to July 24, 1991, and was followed by a second, longer-term phase, Operation Provide Comfort II, which lasted until December 31, 1996. The first phase was a humanitarian relief effort in response to the crisis of Kurdish refugees fleeing northern Iraq. 

***********************
Personal Notes -- Diary 

My brief chronology in my diary; more extensive notes in multiple diaries and journals:

1989 - 1993

  • Bitburg AB, Germany; we lived in very nice house in Oberweis, about 30 minutes from Bitburg AB
  • Chief, Medical Staff (SGH) at the Bitburg Hospital; during my last year the base was in process of closing; it affected me quite a bit emotionally

1993 - 1994

  • Rhein-Main AB, Germany
  • My first command; clinic commander of 435th Medical Squadron;
    • my boss was Major General (2-star) Don Loranger (he subsequently lost a star, upon retirement)

1994 - 1996

  • Incirlik AB, Turkey
  • my second command; hospital commander, 39th Medical Group; my boss was Brigadier General select John Barry; eventually to two stars; retired before making 3rd star -- probably a personal choice; his wife Ellen (“K.C.”) -- perhaps May’s closest friend
  • movies: 
    • Desperado, Robert Rodriguez (writer, director), Selma Hayek, Antonio Banderas

*******************************
Operation Provide Comfort

During my times commander at the Incirlik Air Base, I also served as a USAF flight surgeon and flew regularly over Iraq, combat missions, in support of Operation Provide Comfort.

This was sewn into the lining of our flight jacket:


The British aircrew were given gold coins to carry with them for the same purpose.

Phoenix Operating LLC -- A Closer Look -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49378PHOENIX_IN_THE_BAKKEN. 

I've been doing a lot of research -- and, I mean, a lot of research, with regard to Phoenix Operating LLC -- with my imaginary friend. I'm not sure how much time I will have to post all the information that my imaginary friend has shared with me. 

This was the line of research:

  • how many mineral acres does Phoenix Operating LLC have in the North Dakota Bakken. 
    • relative to the big five, not much, and it appears that most of their acreage is in Montana, in Richand and Roosevelt counties, which abut the North Dakota state line at Williams County and McKenzie counties.
  • of that acreage, how much is Tier 1? 
    • that took a long, long time for ChatGPT to research and no definitive answer provided but ChatGPT suggests "not much."

One way that ChatGPT did the research was to find the ten best Phoenix Operating wells to date. This was the return to date, on/about October 10, 2025:

Short report — top Phoenix wells (proxy IP30 ranking) 

Below are the top 10 Phoenix-operated wells.

NOTE: in a long note like this, there will be content and typographical errors. In addition, the data is dynamic, the data changes on a monthly basis. 

I (ChatGPT) was able to identify with large single-month production values in 2024–2025, ranked by that month’s barrels and showing the proxy IP30 (monthly ÷ 30). 

Each line shows the NDIC file number, the name of the well, that month’s barrels (public page), the proxy IP30 (bbl/d), the source, best monthly production, month of stimulation; total production as of that date;

  • 40878 -- Jacobson 19-30-31 1H-LL — 19,600 bbl (Mar 2025) → ~653 bbl/d (proxy IP30). DrillingEdge; scout ticket shows it as DRY; seriously?
  • Montana -- Samurai 36-25-24 2H (Roosevelt Co., MT) — 17,000 bbl (Jun 2025) → ~567 bbl/d. DrillingEdge; Montana well; I don't have data on Montana wells;
  • 41163 -- Pladson 33-28-21 #2TFH — 15,200 bbl (Jul 2025) → ~507 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 18,000; t2/25; cum 103K 8/25 
  • 41161 -- Pladson 4-9 #2H — 12,700 bbl (Jul 2025) → ~423 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 18,000; t2/25; cum 109K 8/25  
  • 40406 -- Nate 27-34-3 5H — 11,200 bbl (May 2025) → ~373 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 22,000; t9/24; cum 183K 8/25  
  • 40511 -- Daniele 26-35-2 4H — 10,300 bbl (Jul 2025) → ~343 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 24,000; t9/24; cum 186K 8/25  
  • 40404 -- Nate 27-34-3 4H — 8,800 bbl (Jul 2025) → ~293 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 26,000; t9/24; cum 195K 8/25   
  • 40512 -- Daniele 26-35-2 5H — 8,800 bbl (Aug 2025) → ~293 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 22,000; t10/24; cum 168K 8/25   
  • 40207 -- Jean Ferrari 26-35-2 5H-LL — ~5,100 bbl (2025 month shown) → ~170 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 20,000; t2/24; cum 207K 8/25  
  • 40275 -- Young 5-6-1 3H — 5,300 bbl (Jul 2025) → ~177 bbl/d. DrillingEdge, 18,000; t4/24; cum 203K 8/25;

(There are other Phoenix wells with substantial monthly volumes — I picked the largest public monthly numbers surfaced in the searches and vendor pages; multiple Pladson / Young / Daniele variants appear across the operator’s footprint.)

How I see those early production numbers:

  • less than 20,000: mediocre at best;
  • 20,00 - 26,000: good
  • 27,000 - 30,000: getting better
  • 30,000 - 40,000: very nice wells
  • 40,000 - 60,000: superb;
  • >60,000: jaw-dropping; 

Intel -- Long Essay Over At The New York Times -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49377INTEL. 

Intel


 

On the desert floor of the Phoenix Valley, Intel has poured more than $20 billion into a four-story manufacturing plant that is the centerpiece of the ailing chipmaker’s comeback bid.

Inside the building, known as Fab 52, the company is rolling out a new manufacturing process to make more powerful and efficient computer chips. The process uses the tools from ASML, the Dutch manufacturer of lithography machines, to make Intel’s cutting-edge semiconductors in the United States for the first time in nearly a decade.

During a factory visit last month, two of those $250 million machines sat largely idle while ASML engineers in sterilized white bunny suits worked on one. Two trailer-size footprints for additional machines sat empty nearby, a nod to Intel’s hopes it can eventually expand.

Intel has recently brought a string of potential customers through the plant in Chandler, Ariz., and pitched them on manufacturing their chips at Fab 52. But analysts say most chip companies want to see whether Intel can succeed in making its own computer chips before asking it to produce their chips for smartphones, artificial intelligence systems and other technologies.

The focus on the new facility underscores how critical this moment is to Intel’s future. Once an exemplar of Silicon Valley success, the company has fallen behind competitors as a chip manufacturer and designer. Intel was leapfrogged by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or TSMC, after it failed to implement ASML technology. And it was dropped from Apple’s laptops after its chips struggled with battery life and performance.

As sales declined, Intel churned through leaders. In March, it named Lip-Bu Tan its third chief executive in five years. From his predecessor, he inherited a troubled balance sheet and an audacious strategy to introduce five new production processes in four years while remaking Intel as a manufacturer for other chip designers.

Mr. Tan shored up the company’s finances in August when the Trump administration pumped $8.9 billion into the company for 10 percent of its business. The deal made Intel the recipient of one of the largest U.S. government investments in a company since the 2008 financial crisis.

The Trump administration made the investment by releasing money promised to Intel under the CHIPS and Science Act, a federal program signed into law in 2022 to provide companies with grants to revive U.S. semiconductor manufacturing.

In 2021, as Washington lawmakers were weighing the CHIPS Act, Intel committed to investing $32 billion in two new factories, Fab 52 and Fab 62, on its Ocotillo campus in Arizona. It later received federal funding to support the project.

Now, Mr. Tan is focused on executing on the second part of Intel’s strategy: its technical turnaround.

At an event last month for a few hundred technology analysts and members of the news media, Sachin Katti, Intel’s chief technology officer, acknowledged the stakes. He said the new manufacturing process, which Intel calls 18a, and the new computer chip, which it calls Panther Lake, are “foundational to our future.”

“We are of course making two really big bets here,” he said. He added that the manufacturing efforts were “mission critical, not just for Intel but for our country.”

Intel became the world’s dominant chipmaker by staggering the way it adopted new technology, said Ben Bajarin, the principal analyst at Creative Strategies, a tech research firm. The company typically developed a new manufacturing process to etch silicon with billions of small transistors that are slimmer than a human hair. It then perfected that process on an older generation of chips before using it to produce chips designed with new features.

But this time, Intel is trying to make manufacturing and design leaps simultaneously. The 18a process uses the ASML tools to produce chips that stack transistors, so they take up less space. It also routes power through the backside of a chip rather than the top, where data and power collided in the past. The result is a denser, more energy-efficient chip, the company said, capable of piling 10,000 sheets of silicon on top of one another in a stack thinner than a sheet of paper. Intel said its Panther Lake series of chips would allow laptops to run A.I. systems and do all-day computing. It will start shipping the chips early next year.

The company has enough faith in the process that it is moving production of its newest chips to its own factories rather than relying on TSMC, which it turned to after its previous processes faltered. But the changes create more opportunities for something to go wrong, Mr. Bajarin said, which is especially risky in a process where a particle of dust can destroy a chip and lead to financial losses.

Intel’s success is far from guaranteed. Late last year, it informed some customers that its 18a process was lagging behind rivals. At the time, TSMC was producing 30 percent of its leading-edge chips, known as 2 nanometer chips, without any flaws, while Intel’s process was producing fewer than 10 percent of its 18a chips without flaws.

At the two-day event last month, Intel executives declined to comment on the percentage of chips it was making without any flaws at Fab 52. The number of chips that don’t work won’t become clear until the company makes financial reports next year, analysts say.

By bringing some production back in-house from TSMC, the company could save money and improve its profits, said Patrick Moorhead, founder of Moor Insights & Strategy, a tech research firm. It’s also a proving ground to show big producers of chips like Nvidia or Apple, which exclusively rely on TSMC, that Intel could produce their semiconductors.

Much more at the link. 

During the heyday of Wintel, "win" and "tel" had relative monopolies. Only competitor, if one could call it that, was a garage start-up called Apple. Moore's Law relatively new.

ow, so many competitors:

  • Apple Silicon
  • Android or non-Apple or all the rest 
    • Nvidia
    • AMD
    • Micron
    • Broadcom
    • Amazon 

**********************************
Disclaimer
Brief Reminder 

Briefly:

  • I am inappropriately exuberant about the Bakken and I am often well out front of my headlights. I am often appropriately accused of hyperbole when it comes to the Bakken.
  • I am inappropriately exuberant about the US economy and the US market.
  • I am also inappropriately exuberant about all things Apple. 
  • See disclaimer. This is not an investment site. 
  • Disclaimer: this is not an investment site. Do not make any investment, financial, job, career, travel, or relationship decisions based on what you read here or think you may have read here. 
  • All my posts are done quickly: there will be content and typographical errors. If something appears wrong, it probably is. Feel free to fact check everything.
  • If anything on any of my posts is important to you, go to the source. If/when I find typographical / content errors, I will correct them. 
  • Many posts are not proofread for several days after they've been posted.  
  • Reminder: I am inappropriately exuberant about the Bakken, US economy, and the US market.
  • I am also inappropriately exuberant about all things Apple. 
  • And now, Nvidia, also. I am also inappropriately exuberant about all things Nvidia. Nvidia is a metonym for AI and/or the sixth industrial revolution.
  • I've now added Broadcom to the disclaimer. I am also inappropriately exuberant about all things Broadcom.
  • Longer version here

 
Ticker and market cap, today:

  • market cap less than $175 billion
  • competing against at least three chipmakers with multi-trillion market caps with in multiple markets

Let's Talk Turkey -- It's That Time Of Year -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49376TURKEY.

For those with freezers.

  • 2024, Walmart, 98 cents / pound, rolled back to 88 cents / pound, link here;
  • 2022, Walmart, $1.68 / pound, rolled back to 98 cents / pound, link here;
  • under Donald Trump,  84 cents / pound, yesterday, October 15, 2025, at our local Walmart: no rollback, simply everyday pricing -- 84 cents / pound: 

Headlines -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49375HEADLINES.

Geo-politics: Trump okayed additional airstrikes on drug-running ships out of Venezuela.  

Ford: after seemingly to blow it off, the truth emerges -- link here


Aluminum: coincidentally, link here:


So, a trifecta: copper, aluminum, and silver. Whoo-hoo!

With gold? Four consecutive strikes in bowling -- a hambone (completely made up) or a four-bagger. 

Headlines:

  • JPM
    • huge Tricolor losses; an interesting story, but inconsequential;
    • says auto company bankruptcies reveal "early signs" of excess in corporate lending
      • "early signs of excess or simply picking the wrong company
    • again, it's inconsequential
    • no risk, no reward
    • Jamie Dimon with alligator tears all the way to his bank
    • the country's largest bank reported a 12% jump in 3Q25 profits, about $1 billion more than analysts anticipated;
    • link here.
    • Wall Street deals bonanza boosts profits at JPMorga and Goldman
  • lumber:
    • Rayonier Inc to buy PotlatchDeltic Corp
    • all-stock deal;
    • valued at about $3.4 billion
    • would create the second-largest publicly traded timber and wood products company in North America
    • link here;
    • Trump announces sweeping tariffs on imported lumber and wood products
    • biggest blow will fall on Canada, the top lumber supplier to the US
  • autos:
    • GM takes huge charge related to EVs
    • a $1.6 billion charge on EV pullback;
    • Stellantis: overhauls Jeep Grand Wagoneer lineup under brand turnaround plan.

  • Shutdown:
    • White House vows to "ride out" shutdown; Trump does not appear wobbly;
    • "win" in Gaza probably helps 
  • Tech and AI:
    • Walmart partners with OpenAI for ChatGPT shopping feature
    • would allow purchases directly in ChatGPT
    • new Supermicro business builds out entire data centers (plural)
    • Broadcom again: Broadcom to launch new networking chip, battle with Nvidia intensifies
    • Oracle cloud: to deploy 50,000 AMD AI chips; signaling new Nvidia competition;
  • Geo-politics -- economy
    •  who will flinch first: US or China  

********************************
The Stellantis Story 

Posted above.

  • personal interest;
  • maybe more later.
  • leases on Pacifica or Voyager on my radar scope 
  • Pacific, website; Voyager, not posted
    • $450 x 42 months
    • $4,000 at signing 

Uniqlo -- A Non-Tech Story -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 10012UNIQLO. 

Previous links:

I find it amazing that I first noticed Uniqlo twelve years ago and then again last month, and now it's a headline story in The New York Times. What a great blog.  

And now today, from The New York Times, link here.

Mr. Yanai, 76, came of age in postwar Japan, steeped in American culture. He wore Converse and drew inspiration for Uniqlo from casual wear brands like Gap. Conquering the American market is also a matter of personal legacy for Mr. Yanai, whose Uniqlo empire today comprises more than 2,500 stores globally.

“I want to succeed in America,” Mr. Yanai said in an interview in a sunlit office in New York’s Meatpacking district. It was the preppy youth styles of the East Coast that opened his eyes to clothing in the 1960s and 1970s, Mr. Yanai said. So, he said of the market, “I feel the most attachment to it.”

After opening its first store in New Jersey in 2005, Uniqlo’s North American business didn’t turn profitable until 2022. The market’s expansion since then helped Fast Retailing report a record annual net profit of $2.8 billion on Thursday.

In the United States, “finally, we got to the entrance point,” Mr. Yanai said.

Yet Mr. Yanai’s optimism is shadowed by his growing alarm over the political and economic direction of the country that played a foundational role in Uniqlo’s identity.

Update On Kinder Morgan In The Bakken -- October 14, 2025

Locator: 49374B.

Two years of Hamas horror. Over. And in the big scheme of things .... well, much could be said. I think we're simply back to October 6, 2025. 

***************************
Back to the Bakken

WTI: $58.40

New wells: link here

RBN Energy: link here

Link here. Archived. This is the "early release." The full article will be available tomorrow.

Kinder Morgan’s Options 
For Moving Bakken NGLs 
To
 Conway and the Gulf Coast 

Kinder Morgan’s ongoing conversion of the Double H Pipeline to NGL service is only part of a larger plan by the midstream giant to move significant volumes of Bakken-sourced Y-grade from western North Dakota to fractionation centers in Kansas and the Texas Gulf Coast. The Double H, which until recently transported crude oil, runs only to eastern Wyoming, so how will NGLs on the pipeline — renamed Hiland Express — get from there to Conway, KS; Mont Belvieu, TX; and maybe Sweeny, TX, too? In today’s RBN blog, we discuss the likely flow paths for southbound Y-grade on Hiland Express, a new NGL takeaway alternative for Bakken gas processors.

First, some background. As we said a while back in Take It To The Limit, crude-oil-focused wells in the Bakken generate large volumes of NGL-packed associated gas that need to be processed. There are five main ways to move NGLs out of the Bakken: (1) moving mixed NGLs south to Conway on ONEOK’s Elk Creek and Bakken NGL pipelines (purple and dark-pink lines, respectively, in Figure 1 below); (2) piping ethane north to Canada on Pembina’s Vantage Pipeline (light-orange line); (3) trucking or railing out so-called C3+ NGLs (propane, butanes and pentanes) — ethane can’t be transported that way; (4) entraining mixed NGLs within “wet” gas on Pembina’s Alliance pipeline (red line) to the Chicago area (where the NGLs are separated via fractionation); and (5) rejecting ethane into gas on the Northern Border pipeline (dark-blue line).

Full article available tomorrow at this link

By the way, the song RBN Energy chose for this story: "One Way or Another," Debbie Harry and Nigel Harrison; appears as the second song on side one of Blondie's third studio album, Parallel Lines. Lyrics similar to what Taylor Swift might have written but the energy, lyrics, music is so much better -- and that was back in May, 1979, when it was released. Amazing.