For Those Who Are Not Yet Woke On The Global Warming Scam -- August 23, 2019

Updates

August 24, 2019: I was certainly duped, or suckered into this on. The article linked at the original post did not tell the whole story. Here's the rest of the story from a reader:

Japan is actually vigorously investing in the research, technology, and implementation of what is known as HELE ... High  Energy Low Emissions coal  burning for electricity generation.

Some of the particulars involve highly pulverizing the fuel, using an oxygen rich combustion environment, higher boiler pressures, and many other components.

They are so far advanced in this field that they are touting its buildout - under Japanese contracting - all around the world.

I should have looked at the source of the article. The source: Greenpeace.

Some will argue that there is no such thing as clean coal but that brings us to a whole new discussion for another day. Bottom line here: the bigger story here, as far as the blog is concerned, is not that Japan is still using coal, but that we  have yet another example of a type of "fake news."

Original Post

Anyone who hasn't figured out the "global warming" issue is one big scam has not been paying attention.

For those who need yet another example, Don provided this link from The Diplomat, published last October, 2018, but most of us missed it, including me.

From the link:

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has been on a charm offensive recently on climate change. He’s talked about Japan’s leading role in taking action on climate issues, and his intention to make climate change a key agenda item at this year’s G20 meeting. This should come as no surprise given how extreme weather events such as heat waves and flooding have recently wracked part of the country. [Fake news.]

But Abe’s addiction to coal shows that this charm offensive lacks substance, especially when it comes to Japan’s own energy policy. In Japan’s latest energy strategy published in June, coal remains a major part of the energy mix into the future. Currently, the coal fleet in Japan is growing, not decreasing: At the moment, 35 new coal power plant are in the pipeline all over Japan, adding to the around 100 coal plants already in operation. If all of these plants are built, 107.920 million tonnes of CO2 will be emitted annually, and according to analysis by Climate Analytics, Japan’s share of the Paris Agreement carbon budget would be exceeded by about three times.

Among G7 nations, Japan is also one of the biggest investors in coal power globally. Besides expanding the domestic coal fleet, Japan is subsidizing the export of coal-fired power plants to other countries like Indonesia and Vietnam.

Meanwhile, Abe’s stubborn push for an unrealistic amount of nuclear plant restarts is slowing the necessary large-scale phase in of renewable energy. Even though most of Japan’s nuclear plants remain out of operation and are unlikely to be brought online anytime soon due to safety issues, public opposition, and legal hurdles, the government has insisted on keeping the share of nuclear high in its 2030 energy scenario. This in turn translates to high uncertainty about future electricity generation capacity as well as hindering grid access for renewable developers.

Minor Notes From All Over, Part 1 -- June 19, 2019

Updates

Later, 8:59 p.m. CT: from NewsMax, May 13, 2019 --

It appears that Iceland won’t have to be renamed Tepidlandia anytime soon after all.

According to researchers at the University of Iceland, each of the country’s glaciers will expand this year for the first time in the past 25 years.

As reported in Electroverse, the Hofsjökull, Langjökull, Mýrdalsjökull, and Vatnajökull glaciers have expanded over the last twelve months, from autumn to autumn, "With Mýrdalsjökull showing a really significant addition of ice this year."

These are the largest glaciers in Iceland: Hofsjökull is third largest after Vatnajökull and Langjökull, while Mýrdalsjökull is the country’s fourth largest ice cap.

The research study project manager, Finnur Pálsson, observed that he regarded the reversal to be "unusual."

He noted that Langjökull had been losing around one and a half meters of ice per year for the past 20 years, "but in the last few years he has been close to zero, that is, he has neither expanded nor diminished. And that applies to this year, both for Vatnajökull and Langjökull as well."

Read Newsmax: Growing Iceland, Greenland Glaciers Makes Scientists Gasp | Newsmax.com

Original Post

Major Greenland glacier growing: data points -- this is from NASA, and if you can't believe NASA who can you believe?

• Jakobshavn Glacier in western Greenland
• world's fastest-moving glacier
• one of the most active; discharging a tremendous amount of ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet -- with implications for sea level rise
• the glacier has spent decades in retreat -- but between 2016 and 2017, an unexpected advance (as in growing -- for Occasional-Cortex) -- this would correlate with Solar Cycle 24
• in addition to growing toward the ocean (again, as in "getting bigger"), it is also slowing and thickening (as in "getting bigger")
• new data collected in March, 2019, just a couple of months ago, confirms that the glacier has grown for the third year in a row
• how is that possible? scientists attribute the change to cool ocean waters
• much more at the link
• public school teachers in the US will not discuss this at risk of losing their jobs
• by the way: "havn" is "haven" for "harbor," as in safe haven --

Solar Cycle 24 ending; solar cycle 25 beginning -- changeover during the 2019 - 2021 time-frame;

• cycle 24: sun less active than "normal' -- less sunspot activity; cooler solar system
• cycle 25: scientists predict the next cycle to be similar to cycle 24; I have no idea how scientists can forecast solar activity; my hunch: they read the Farmers' Almanac

Speaking of NASA: I hear Occasional-Cortex wants to put a man on the Sun by the end of the decade. 

Disclaimer: this is not an investment site. Do not make any investment, financial, job, travel, or relationship decisions based on what you read here or think you may have read here.

Disclaimer: I am inappropriately exuberant about the Bakken.

Iran: the tanker that waited three weeks to discharge an oil cargo at the Sicilian port of Milazzo has left the terminal after Italy's Eni rejected the shipment because of quality concerns. Italian press alleged the crude could be from Iran.

The ship’s documents show that the cargo, which Eni bought from the trading arm of Nigeria’s Oando PLC, was Iraqi, an Eni spokesman said. Instead, it had properties which were consistent with Iranian crude, a person familiar with the matter said.

Investing: with a photo of the Phillips 66 logo, this headline -- "dividend stocks, hot this year, may get even hotter thanks to the Federal Reserve. Story here.

Dow: up 38 points.

Zacks: five energy and oil stocks to buy amid industry uncertainty.

• CVX: I find this so interesting; for years, CVX was the "dog" among the group; XOM was always favored; with a P/E of 17, pays just less than 4%; price appreciation is forecast for a 14% gain within twelve months;
• EPD: ranks #1 by Zacks (strong buy); with a P/E of 14, pays over 6%; price appreciation is forecast for a 20% gain within twelve months;
• Equitrans Midstream (ETRN): also ranks #1
• Ecopetrol SA (EC): ranks #2. I had not heard of this one -- based in Colombia; major petrol company in South America
• Pioneer Natural Resources (PXD): has popped up on many, many lists over the past few months (years?)

Yahoo financial analysts: "They will know tomorrow why yesterday's forecasts did not happen today."

TransMountain Update -- By Then It Would Be Winter -- June 19, 2019

Hope springs eternal: the approval came to late to get this project started/completed this year. This will carry over into 2020. Something tells me the legal and political wrangling is not yet over.

Think I'll go out to Alberta
Weather's good there in the fall
I got some friends that I can go to working for
Still I wish you'd change your mind
If I asked you one more time
But we've been through that a hundred times or more

Four Strong Winds, Ian and Sylvia

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Definition of Insanity

I don't think folks realize that once the bill is passed, "no-growth" begins immediately. Any new project, any new development, anything that "requires" energy will need to be approved by the Climate Action Council.

With "social justice" a major component of the law, I see a lot of lawsuits against corporations with deep pockets. 

Link here.

The legislation calls for reducing emissions by 40% from 1990 levels by 2030 and 85% by 2050. The remaining 15% of emissions would be offset, making the state carbon neutral. The bill would also require that all electricity generation come from carbon-free sources by 2040. A Climate Action Council would be established to ensure the state meets its targets.

From the article:

New York has considerable ground to make up. The state cut emissions only 8% between 1990 and 2015, according to the most recent New York greenhouse gas inventory.

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This Calls For A Drink

From The Wall Street Journal, Scotch breaks with tradition to woo new drinkers. A governing body is relaxing rules over how to produce the spirit, giving in to demands by distillers.

To count as Scotch, the spirit must be distilled in Scotland from water and malted barley and aged in the country for three years in oak casks.

The Scotch Whisky Association, which enforces how Scotch is made and marketed, has for years also required distillers to mature and finish the drink in casks traditionally used by the industry, limiting producers mainly to old sherry, cognac, bourbon or port barrels.

Now, in a rare change to the rules, it will allow a wider variety of casks, including those previously used to age tequila and mezcal, cachaça, shochu and baijiu and other fruit spirits.

Paul Miller, owner of St. Andrews-based Eden Mill Distillery & Brewery, hopes that access to a wider range of casks will decrease prices. Standard bourbon casks cost him over £100 ($125), while wine casks can range from £80 to £200 depending on provenance, making them among his biggest outlays.

I honestly don't think it's the cost of Scotch that is the problem.

Global Warming Resulted In Major Winter Snowfalls Leading To Record Flooding Of The Great Lakes -- Washington Post -- June 16, 2019

This is really quite a story. I had no idea this was going on.

The Great Lakes are reporting record amounts of water; record flooding. Cause? Global warming.

More specifically, according to The Washington Post:

Major winter snowfalls and excessive rainfall are primary drivers for high water this year. 

Hmmm.

The story is everywhere. Google "great lakes flooding."

We are nearing the end of Solar Cycle 24 later this year, or sometime next year, and then it's ... OMG, Solar Cycle 25.

Central England -- On Course For Its 17th Coldest June In 360 Years Of Records -- June 15, 2019

Link here.

I probably would not have posted this but for the fact that I have some very fond memories of north England.

From the linked article:

It’s been a truly miserable run-up to summer for folks in the UK so far, with official data revealing England is currently on for it’s 17th coldest June in records dating back to 1659.

The Central England Temperature (CET) record measures the monthly mean surface air temperatures for the Midlands region of England, and is the longest series of monthly temperature observations in existence.

It’s current mean reading for June 2019 (provisional to the 14th) is 12.6C (54.7F) — that’s 1C below the historically cool 1961-1990 average, the current standard period of reference for climatological data used by the WMO.

In recent years, only the June’s of 1991, 1977 and 1971 ran colder. Before that, you have to back to 1923, 1916, 1908, 1906, 1860, 1823, 1821, 1749, 1745, 1725, 1705, 1698 and 1689 to find cooler months of June.

This month’s cold temperatures and reduced sunlight hours will have already hampered the growth of many open-field crops, which in turn will pile further pressure on already surging commodity markets following the inclement-weather-related planting issues in Australia, America, Africa and China.

In addition, 2019’s frigid June comes on the back of an historically cool May.

Last month came in an 11.1C — or bang on average against the cold period of 1961-1990.

Much more at the link.

Bottom line, according to the article: The cold times are returning, as the sun enters it’s next Grand Solar Minimum cycle.

Meanwhile,  from the National Weather Service (US government): solar cycle 25 will  be below average, simlar to solar cycle 24.

Date of that link: April 5, 2019.

Scientists charged with predicting the Sun’s activity for the next 11-year solar cycle say that it’s likely to be weak, much like the current one. The current solar cycle, Cycle 24, is declining and predicted to reach solar minimum - the period when the Sun is least active - late in 2019 or 2020.

Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel experts said Solar Cycle 25 may have a slow start, but is anticipated to peak with solar maximum occurring between 2023 and 2026, and a sunspot range of 95 to 130. This is well below the average number of sunspots, which typically ranges from 140 to 220 sunspots per solar cycle.

The panel has high confidence that the coming cycle should break the trend of weakening solar activity seen over the past four cycles.

This could give us a reprieve of sorts. Occasional-Cortex says we have less than twelve years to act; Beto, another global warming expert, says was have less then ten years. 

And There You Have It ..... June 10, 2019

Stories and links everywhere, but zerohedge is as good as any. Sent to me by a reader. Thank you.

From google today:

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 Oman? A Muslim Nation?

Link here. 

In a bid to reduce its reliance on crude oil revenues, the sultanate of Oman has announced a slew of new taxes on products ranging from tobacco and alcohol to port and energy drinks, citing Oman’s Secretariat General of Taxation.

Beginning June 15th, pork meat, tobacco, and alcohol as well as energy drinks will be subject to a 100-percent tax, with carbonated drinks subject to a 50-percent levy. Last November, a senior Oman government official said the taxes could generate around US$260 million in annual revenues.

Expect More Fake Science, Not Just Fake News -- June 6, 2109

From What's Up With That:

I quit subscribing to The National Geographic after that cover photo of the submerged Statue of Liberty. I still pay for a subscription for the granddaughters, and never discuss global warming with them. They can sort it out for themselves, but they never bring it up.

We're still waiting for the "official" May, 2019, atmospheric CO2 readings at this site. Apparently we hit 415 ppm in May, 2019. Interestingly enough, I did not see any news story when that milestone was reached. I suppose this was mostly because May was somewhat cooler than usual and definitely wetter than usual and that would not have fit the global warming narrative.

Was it a wet winter? From iceagenow:

Lake Mead water level is at a three-year high and not by a trivial amount.

Flashback.

Flashback: EIA Forecast -- From 2008 -- The 2009 Outlook -- June 2, 2019

Link here: EIA: Long term projections -- 2010 presentation and outlook (a PDF will download) -- source:

• The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, December 14, 2009, US EIA

But we know to the tenth of a degree what the earth's temperature will be in a hundred years. And we have only eleven years to save the year (Beto). The science is settled.

By the way, that drought in the southwestern United States? Check out Lake Mead.

Lake Mead Water Level -- Three Year High -- And Not By A Trivial Amount -- June 2, 2019

Updates

June 7, 2019: and it's not just in the southwest. It's across the entire US. What happened to all those droughts we were supposed to have due to global warming? And apparently scientists don't think this is a one-time anomaly: "Climate experts say a combination of factors may lead to more flooding in future years." No one saw this coming. Certainly not Occasional-Cortex.

Original Post 

Link here.

Global Warming -- The Grand Solar Minimum -- June 2, 2019

Grand Solar Minimum (GSM) will be tracked here.   

The best blog on this subject came to an end in 2020 due to the death of the webmaster/author -- the URL at the time: https://nextgrandminimum.com/.  There is a website called the grand solar minimum which in the interim will be the one I link here. I don't care for it but it's the "best" I can find right now.

Updates

May 2, 2021: the winter of 2020 / 2021 is one for the record books, and arrived on schedule and as predicted. 

In this winter of 2020-2021, new record cold temperatures have been experienced all over the world, in January 2021 in Asia and in February 2021 in North America, Europe, the Mediterranean countries and the Middle East. I correctly predicted this cold winter in August 2020.

May 25, 2020: from a reader --

Quick follow-up to [your blog of May 25, 2020 discussing the] increasing amounts of precipitation - and cooler weather - throughout much of the USA (the world, probably, but the LSM - Lamestream Media - will certainly bury this information). 

One consequence of lowered solar radiation (one manifestation of which is sunspot activity), is the enabling of the ever-present cosmic radiation to reach earth in larger amounts.

A proven effect of the increased cosmic radiation is cloud formation. 

Two immediate consequences of more cloud cover are lowered temperatures (via blockage of sunlight) and increase in precipitation (rain/snow  depending upon temps).

[Comment: I've always been taught that cloud cover increases earth's temperature.]

These developments are becoming FAR more pronounced and increasingly difficult to hide/(mis)explain away. 

The peak (highest solar radiation) this cycle should be about 2025, but it is apt to be very low - historically - as it is VERY low right now (the trough).

The years 2028 through 2032 look to be especially daunting as those will be the trough years - solar radiation-wise - of the next 11 year solar cycle ... the so called Grand Solar Minimum which last occurred 400 years ago coincident with the Maunder Minimum.

Methinks the top tier Movers and Shakers of the Globull Warming Scam know all this and have dramatically 'upped their push' to kneecap (western) hydrocarbon industries.

Original Post

 

One of the biggest "spin-offs" from the blog for me has been understanding the impact of the solar cycles. Prior to blogging I never followed solar cycles and had never even heard of "solar maxima" or "solar minima" (as far as I can recall).

I started adding "global warming" posts to the blog to help put the Bakken in perspective. It is amazing how the two issues became quite intertwined over the years. I certainly did not expect that.

That was my reply to a reader who wrote:

A year or so back, I became somewhat acquainted with Dr. Valentina Zharkova's theories concerning the multiple, asynchronous dynamo components internal to the sun.

Big consequence of her findings is that the sun is entering a Grand Solar Minimum, which will rapidly, significantly impact the earth's climate to the downside temperwture-wise.

With a historical accuracy rate at the 93% range going back 400 years, Dr Zharkova is now being taken very seriously by a growing cohort of scientists. 

Should her research and models prove to be correct, the ramifications upon our political, social and economic spheres will simply be beyond description.

Imagine that: the sun affecting the earth's climate.

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Germany And Wind

Three data points:

• Germany has huge investment in renewable energy
• Germany will boast both wind and solar energy, but clearly wind is the more dominant of the two in Germany (that will be true in most parts of the world)
• where renewable energy makes the most sense for Germany (wind), Germany is actually taking some steps back

This link is from a renewable energy site -- a site that promotes renewable energy and, if anything, "exaggerates" the impact of renewable energy.

The link.

So, it was surprising to see this headline:

When Joshua says "significantly" it catches one's attention, considering what a global warming zealot the writer is.

A Flashback -- To A Time When Atmospheric CO2 Was Not A Concern -- June 1, 2019

From The Deplorable Climate Science Blog:

I don't remember that particular month of May but I do remember all the "heat" stories coming out of Chicago and NYC back in the 60's. Many, many people (mostly the elderly) dying of heal-related issues. We really don't hear such stories any more.

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Bjorn Lomborg at The Wall Street Journal

Link here.  

I'm in good company.

 

And This Is The Problem With Global Warming -- Too Much Snow And Then Historic Avalanches -- May 26, 2019

Thank you to a reader for alerting me to the stories. One new, one a re-posting.

California, re-posting:

Global Warming Smacks Denver, Deadwood -- May 25, 2019

Hot in San Antonio, but elsewhere, from iceagenow:

Flashback: our grandchildren will never see snow again -- Patrick Kennedy.

Link here, for the Kennedy klan if they are looking for a spot to ski this summer --

Memorial Day Gasoline Prices; Global Warming: Great Lakes To Reach All-Time Highs This Summer -- May 24, 2019

I think the EIA is missing the bigger story here. Is Rick Perry even engaged in his own agency?

From twitter today:

The EIA thinks the big story is that gasoline prices this year are "nearly the same" as last year's -- in in fact, they are lower, but yes, nearly the same. But lower.

The real story is the price of gasoline today compared to that under the previous administration which was led by a doofus when it came to US energy. His predecessors weren't a whole better.

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Meanwhile, Global Warming Can Be Blamed For Everything ...

From Droughts To Floods

Link here. The Great Lakes are drying up.

National Geographic: “Climate Change and Variability Drive Low Water Levels on the Great Lakes.”

The National Resources Defense Council: “Climate change is lowering Great Lakes water levels.”

It’s no secret that, partially due to climate change, the water levels in the Great Lakes are getting very low.

The U.N’s IPCC: “[T]he following lake level declines could occur: Lake Superior -0.2 to -0.5 m.”

Dick Durbin: “What we are seeing in global warming is the evaporation of our Great Lakes.”

Minnesota Public Radio:

Scientists at the Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [are] studying the interplay between low water levels, shrinking ice cover and warm water temperatures. They have already concluded that climate change is playing a role in determining Great Lakes water levels.

Those quotes date from 2013, while my [PowerlineI] post was in 2017, when news reports indicated that Lake Superior was nearing a record high water level. Steve had already pointed out in 2014 that, in “a development that has startled scientists”–notwithstanding, apparently, the claim that the science is settled–Great Lakes water levels were rising rapidly.

What reminds me of this is today’s article in the Wall Street Journal headlined, “High Water Levels on Great Lakes Flood Towns, Shrink Beaches.”

Lakes Erie and Superior are among the Great Lakes expected to reach all-time highs this summer, according to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. And the levels of Lakes Michigan, Huron and Ontario are well above seasonal averages. 

High water levels across the Great Lakes are being driven primarily by persistently wet conditions for the past five to six years, including heavy rains and a large snowpack…

Snowpack!

I wonder if the National Geographic will have a photo-essay on the rising Great Lakes this summer. LOL.

Global Warming? Say What? Winter Lingers -- May 21, 2019

From twitter and google today:

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... And The Journalist's Educational Background?

From a news story today:

Yes, as my daughter say, Oprah has ESPN.

Global Warming Update For North Dakota -- May 18, 2019

Link here.

Despite the warmists telling us this is the warmest winter on record, it's still winter in North Dakota (and many other parts of the US).

Even here in north Texas, winter seems to linger. From earlier this month ...

... and we're getting a lot of rain today and it will be raining every day next week, until Friday (here in north Texas).

Meanwhile, back in North Dakota, today:

I'm sure there were many years when I was growing up in Williston when we had snow in May, but I don't remember any.

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On Another Note -- 

Link here. Provided by a reader.

But it makes us feel good.

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The Book Page

President Trump needs to read Nathaniel Philbrick's story of George Washington from the start of the Revolutionary War through the winter at Valley Forge, winter of 1777 - 1778.

The least of George Washington's problems were the British. His biggest problems were the Continental Congress and his fellow generals. Fascinating story. George Washington was surrounded by "never-George [Washington] men" in the Continental Congress and among his own fellow generals. It's quite a story. Everyone knows the "military history" of George Washington; my hunch: few know the political story.

From Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution, Nathaniel Philbrick, c. 2016.

Off For The Rest Of The Day -- Going Biking Before The Storm Hits -- May 16, 2019

This is mid-May, isn't it?

The Kennedy Klan, no doubt, is packing up, getting ready to head west to go skiing. Good for them.

How Many Of You Are Aware Of All The Snow, Cold Weather, Winter Still Forecast For May In The US? -- May 15, 2019

I was completely unaware of all of this. Winter well into May in the United States this year, as well as other parts of the world apparently. At the linked site, scroll down. Obviously, it's a dynamic site and after May 15, 2019, there will be different stories. But this is where we stand now: winter continues in mid-May for the US.

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Re-Posting -- Deadline Tomorrow, May 15, 2019, For Pipeline Permit

Deadline: tomorrow, May 15, 2019 -- a reader brought this to my attention -- one of many links here:

• New England, NYC, Long Island
• National Grid needs access to more natural gas if growth is to continue
• access to more natural gas hinges on permits for pipelines
• National Grid says it will put the moratorium on hookups back in place if the new pipeline permits are not approved
• affects Westchester County, NYC, Long Island
• directly from the article: the problem stems from three things: 
• significant growth in natural-gas demand created by the current development boom,
• increased demand from existing buildings converting to gas from dirtier energy sources such as heating oil, and 
• more extreme heating needs as climate change brings more extremely cold winter days. 
• no new pipeline has been approved since 2013
• at the link, the writer proposes the equivalent of President Carter's solution: wear sweaters in the winter

Actually it sounds like -- according to the article -- even without any growth, the National Grid natural gas supply is already stretched to its limits during the winter.

My hunch: they will find a way to thread the needle.

Likely solution: "forbid" National Grid from any moratorium on hookups but approve no new pipeline permit, waiting to see what this next winter brings. Seems crazy but kicking the can down the road has worked since 2013. If nothing else, the "May 15th" deadline will be extended, as the"parties remain talking."

Note the third point made by a "global warming" proponent: part of the current problem is due to "more heating needs as climate change brings more extremely cold winter days."

"We'll Never See Snow Again" -- Algore, Patrick Kennedy, Et Al -- May 9, 2019

From The National Weather Service:

No mention of global warming, but after the first hurricane this summer, we'll hear all about global warming.

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Valiant Ambition

I'm reading Nathaniel Phlbrick's book by the same title, c. 2016. I had skimmed through this book some months ago.

The other day I was looking for a book that would provide a "travelogue" of sorts or a geographic description of the "water" geography of the New York area, from Long Island west to New Jersey. Then I remembered this book.

Unless you live there or study it closely, it is very difficult to understand the "water" geography of the New York area -- at least it is for me. It is absolutely fascinating. 

Turned out to be a perfect book.

December, 1776: it appeared the war had been lost. Truly amazing what a few men were able to do.

Later, pages 62 - 63. Philbrick quickly and brilliantly provide vignettes of the men we all "learned" in elementary / middle school during those hellish days of 1776:

• George Washington: general of the Continental Army
• his adjutant general, Joseph Reed, who betrayed Washington,
• Major General Charles Lee: Washington's second-in-command
• Major General Nathaniel Greene: who lost Fort Washington; provided General Washington really, really bad advice on this one; MG Greene should have been dismissed after the Fort Washington disaster, but Geo Washington kept him; the former, a Quaker, was instrumental in persuading the Continental Congress for funds to re-build the army
• James Monroe, future president of the US, was a lieutenant during the retreat across New Jersey
• Thomas Paine, Common Sense, a year earlier; The Crisis, notes while retreating across New Jersey ("these are times that try men's souls")
• Alexander Hamilton: crossing New Jersey; 21 years old; an artillery captain from New York; he had been an undergraduate at what is now Columbia University, Hamilton was about to become one of Washington's most trusted subordinates