Update
I originally posted this blog a long time ago, when the general consensus was only one Bakken well per section (640 acres). At the time, I went again the general consensus and opined that one could see at least six horizontals in a spacing unit. That has come to pass. Denbury Onshore has requested as many as 7 wells in one spacing unit, regardless of whether it is a 640-acre spacing unit or a 1280-acre spacing unit. I rest my case. September 17, 2011.
Below, the original post follows. For a more recent commentary about crazy numbers, click here for data on NDGS estimates of original oil in place and estimated ultimate recovery.
Original Post
Take this all with a grain of salt. I have nothing better to do this morning than just some back of the envelope doodling. But I have to run the numbers to explain why anyone would buy an acre of mineral rights for $8,000.
With current technology and/or based on what is being reported in "the Bakken," how much oil might be recovered from a single section in the Parshall oil field?
EOG estimates, and links can be found in numerous places, that the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of a single well in the Parshall is 700,000 barrels.
By definition, historically, one well targets one formation.
We now know that, at least in some places, there are two pay formations that are under discussion: the Bakken and the Three Forks Sanish. There is evidence that the Three Forks Sanish is as prolific as the Middle Bakken, at least in some places.
The more I read, and the more I follow the discussion groups concerning horizontal drilling in the Bakken suggests that the impact of fracking is measured in hundreds of feet. I'm willing to suggest that fracking may only impact out to 400 feet on either side of the lateral. Thus, one lateral impacts 800 feet. [CLR's dual-well test to determine whether the Bakken and the Three Forks Sanish communicate might support this supposition, but I don't understand a) the geology of Bakken shale; b) natural fractures; and, c) man-made fracture stimulation entirely.]
The laterals generally run diagonally across a section, so the math/geometry is a bit tougher to sort out, but let's say the laterals ran straight up and down (north-south) in a section. Using that geometry, one could conceivably put 6 laterals running north-south in each section in the Parshall (5,280 feet/800 feet = 6.6)
CLR has opined similarly, stating that dual laterals could increase the EUR by 400,000 barrels. A dual lateral, apparently, is one well, with two horizontals, one horizontal into one formation and one horizontal into another formation. However, folks are already asking why CLR hasn't raised the EUR with the higher IPs being reported; CLR/CEO says there is still not enough data to raise the EURs.
Again, EOG estimates that each well has a EUR of 700,000, not each section. But is CLR then suggesting that one well, with dual laterals, has a EUR of 1,100,000 barrels of oil?
Is is possible that there could be conservatively four horizontals in each section targeting the Bakken, each with a EUR of 700,000 barrels and another four horizontals in each section targeting the Three Forks Sanish, each with a EUR of 400,000 barrels. That would be a staggering 4.4 million barrels from each section.
Is there 4.4 million barrels of recoverable oil in each section? It appears to be the industry consensus that using current technology only 1 - 3% of total Bakken oil is recoverable; there are suggestions that EOG is extracting 6 - 9% of the recoverable oil. Let's say, EOG is recovering an unheard-of 10% of the total oil. Remember, EOG opines EUR of 700,000 barrels per well. Currently, EOG generally drills one well in each section in the Parshall. 700,000 is 10% of 7 million barrels. [And, if EOG is only extracting 3% of the total oil reserves, then there would be 23 million barrels oil where EOG drills a well.]
So, yes, there is more than enough oil in each section to support four laterals per formation (the USGS survey considered the Bakken and the Three Forks Sanish one formation, and the NDIC is not yet separating the two formations in their reporting).
At $60/barrel, how much is 4.4 million barrels worth? That would be $264 million over the lifetime of the wells. Per section. The Parshall has about 210 sections.
Incidentally, if the fracking impacts 800 feet laterally, it obviously impacts 800 feet in all directions. The Middle Bakken and the Three Forks Sanish are separated by much less than 800 feet. But that is a story for a different day. Just remember that CLR's analysis suggests that nominally separating two wells targeting the two formations will not affect the other formation. That supports my supposition that fracking has significant impact out only so many hundreds of feet. A CLR press release, March 16, 2010, is very, very interesting along this point.
The Bice 1-29H was our [CLR] first Three Forks well completed in May 2008. The Bice 2-29H is particularly important because its initial productivity was so much stronger than the Bice 1-29H, which has been producing for almost two years. Despite almost 83,000 boe of production from the lower Three Forks zone, there was no pressure depletion in the Middle Bakken zone with the Bice 2-29H.Oh, one more thing: EOG is requesting permission from the NDIC to drill not one (1), not two (2), but three (3) wells in each of their sections in much of the Parshall, targeting not one (1), not two (2), but three (3) different formations: the Middle Bakken, the Upper Three Forks Sanish, and the Lower Three Forks Sanish. Something tells me my numbers may not be too far off the mark.
In its first 21 days of production, the Bice 2-29H produced a cumulative total of 16,318 boe, 70 percent more than the Bice 1-29H during its first 21 days of production.
UPDATE: one day after posting the above "crazy numbers," a much more reliable, sedate, intelligent, reasonable Bakken analyst posted his numbers. Yeah, maybe my numbers are not so crazy after all.
Great site and links,your napkin calc's did not give a dollar amount that might be gained by that $8000/acre x 40 acre bid?
ReplyDeleteIt looks to be a very challenging year for the infrastructure with as much drilling scheduled.
Can you possibly see ND becoming like Alaska and paying each resident a yearly amount?
Maybe the politicians have enough gumption not to spend all the Trust money.
The $8,000 figure had to do with someone paying $8000/acre in an earlier bid this year. I don't remember how many acres were leased in that bid. It was the $7,300/acre for 120 acres by Irish Oil and Gas ($876,000 for this bid) that really caught my eye.
ReplyDeleteThe reason I did not give the "gain" that might come from that $8,000 acre was because it would have been "too crazy." But just for the fun of it, going back to the possible 5.6 million barrels of recoverable oil from one section, that works out to 8,750 barrels of oil from one acre (5.6 million/640acres) -- there are 640 acres in one section. So, if someone paid $8,000 to control one acre that eventually produced 8,750 barrels, at $60/barrel, that would be $525,000, over the life of the well. Again, this is all pure craziness, and I would not recommend anyone doing this without studying this real, real hard.
Oh, and with regard to North Dakota paying citizens like Alaska does, I don't think we are quite there yet. That would only happen if there was such an embarrassment of riches that the state had no choice. Although, someone running for governor might think of promoting this. It would certainly jump start the campaign.
I think a lot of ND money needs to go into infrastructure (highways) before money goes back to citizens.
Thank you for stopping by.
By the way, the most interesting thing in this post was the reminder that EOG is looking at targeting three formations: Bakken, upper TFS, and lower TFS. I don't think most folks are aware of that new wrinkle.
Not sure if the last post posted?! Great analysis thus far. Can you give the source (link) to your EOG data? Three formations, three laterals per section?
ReplyDeleteThanks!
There are several links; I will try to find a better one, but this one will suffice for now:
ReplyDeletehttp://groups.google.com/group/bakken-shale-discussion/browse_thread/thread/a5d225b4896e0afe
Again, I do make mistakes, and I do misread occasionally, but I think I am correct on this. The three wells/640 acre spacing is in the NDIC docket hearing -- which I will link when I find it again.
But the thread I link above is better in the sense that it spells out the three formations: the Middle Bakken, the Upper TFS, and the Lower TFS.
Again, I would not base investment decisions on this; my purpose of posting is to help me keep track of the activity in the Bakken.
RE: EOG's request for 3 laterals / 640-acre spacing. If you want to go to the original source, go to the NDIC web page, click on Hearing Dockets on the left sidebar.
ReplyDeleteThis will take you there:
https://www.dmr.nd.gov/oilgas/docketindex.asp
When you get there, you will have to use the drop down menu to change from 2010 to 2009.
When you "submit" request for index for 2009, then click on hearing docket for Thursday, December 17, 2009 (not the supplement).
A "pdf" will download, and then scroll down to case # 11939, several pages down.
If you have any trouble, or this does not get you there, send me another note.
I was astounded when I first saw this case, by the way.
Also, I noted that the "boom" in 1990 in North Dakota targed the "UPPER" Bakken, and as you well, know, this boom is targeting the MIDDLE Bakken.
My hunch is that all formations are yet to be fully exploited.
Excellent! Thank you for the follow up and quick answer. If you find another link verifying the EOG's request to thicken the pool to test the lower Three Forks, I would be very greatful. I have bookmarked your page and will be sure to check it often. Thanks again!
ReplyDeleteThank you. I try to reply as quickly as I can, but if I am away from my computer during the day, often the places I volunteer or work, blogs/discussion groups, etc., are blocked, and I won't post or reply until I get home that evening.
ReplyDeleteI'm as curious as you to see more information on the "Lower" and the "Upper" Three Forks Sanish. It seems this has not been talked about much. It is likely that the various formations will have different results in different areas. For example, the wells in the Charlson field seem to target predominantly the Three Forks Sanish.
ReplyDeleteLeases in the Barnett shale in North Texas were going for as high as $28,000 a little over a year ago.
ReplyDeleteSometimes I think my numbers may not be so crazy after all. Thank you for stopping by.
ReplyDeleteThe numbers for leases in Bakken and Barnett Shale just seem to increase as the years go by.
ReplyDeleteWow, this post was written a long time ago -- relatively speaking. You are correct: the numbers keep increasing. Barring some major geopolitical event, I look forward to some incredible production numbers this summer -- six months from now.
Delete