Bakken Ethane And An Ethane Cracker, BTU Analytics, Readers' Comments -- February 22, 2020

See this news story also, link here. 

Hess Midstream Partners LP is expanding natural gas processing capacity at its 250-MMcfd Tioga gas plant in North Dakota, north of the Missouri River.

The planned 150-MMcfd expansion will add residue and y-grade liquids processing capacity to the existing full-fractionation and ethane-extraction capability of the current plant, Hess Midstream said.

The expansion—for which product takeaway has been secured and which will raise total gas processing capacity at Tioga to 400 MMcfd—is scheduled to enter service in mid-2021 at a total cost of about $150 million.

Following completion of its 100-MMcfd Little Missouri 4 gas processing plant in McKenzie County, ND—a joint venture with Targa Resources Corp.—scheduled for some time in third-quarter 2019 and the Tioga expansion, Hess Midstream said it will have 500 MMcfd of net gas processing capacity in the Bakken region.

The Tioga expansion comes amid continued Bakken growth from Hess and third parties that has created additional demand for processing capacity north of the Missouri River, said John Gatling, Hess Midstream’s chief operating officer.

Re-posting:

[An] incredible statistic, which comes from the Bakken, and from a reader in response to this post. This is the comment from that reader regarding all the ethane coming out of the Bakken (a reminder for those who are receiving royalties: natural gas is primarily methane, a one-carbon gas; ethane, propane, and butane are the C2 - C4 gases).

An eerie point in this story that the EXTRA Bakken ethane that needs to be pulled out of the gas (not all of it, just the extra) would be enough to fill a cracker.

https://btuanalytics.com/bakken-gas-quality/. This is an incredibly good article, dated February 11, 2020. I will come back to this one. It's so important that I have archived it.

Later: I have spent the last hour or so trying to sort out this "BTU Analytics" story, and still haven't found what I wanted. A reader that really, really understands this, and really provides me helpful information, put this article into perspective:

Theoretically, a $6 billion cracker could be built in North Dakota and have an almost indefinite amount of 'free' ethane feedstock for decades. 

The qoutation marks surrounding 'free' are only due to the needed processing (fractionation) and piping to this theoretical cracker.

That 90,000 bbld rejected ethane is less than a single Appalachian Basin operator - Antero - rejects every single day.

Meanwhile, India (Gail and Reliance) has started a brand new industry - along with European Ineos - in constructing fleets of massive ships to transport American ethane/ethylene to their new crackers.

Huge new plants going up in Antwerp and in at least two cities in China.

The amount of gaseous hydrocarbons brought to market via this Shale Revolution is simply unfathomable.

This was posted earlier but deserved a stand-alone post. 

Richness, GPM, from a "white paper:

Associated gas is produced as a by-product of oil production and the oil recovery process. After the production fluids are brought to the surface, they are separated at a tank battery at or near the production lease into a hydrocarbon liquid stream (Crude Oil or Condensate), a produced water stream (brine or salty water) and a gaseous stream. 

The gaseous stream is traditionally very rich (Rich Gas) in natural gas liquids (NGLs). NGLs are defined as Ethane, Propane, Butanes, and Pentanes and “Heaviers” (higher molecular weight hydrocarbons) (C5+). The C5+ product is commonly referred to as Natural Gasoline. 

Rich gas will have a high heating value and a high HDP. When referring to NGLs in the gas stream, the term GPM (gallons per thousand cubic feet) is used as a measure of hydrocarbon richness. The terms “rich gas” and “lean gas” are commonly used in the gas processing industry. They are not precise indicators but only indicate the relative NGL content.

Disclaimer: I absolutely don't understand so much of this. What little I understand: this is a huge, huge story for the Bakken. Yeah, I get the "chemistry," but what I don't understand is the economics of this. The BTU Analytics article and the input from readers is a great help. Thank you.