Locator: 10001OILGRADES.
Active rigs:
| 3/18/2017 | 03/18/2016 | 03/18/2015 | 03/18/2014 | 03/18/2013 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Rigs | 47 | 32 | 107 | 191 | 186 |
Another major Texas pipeline? From Rigzone, data points:
- Cheniere Energy
- link STACK/SCOOP to Gulf Coast
- 200-mile, 36-inch natural gas pipeline
- in-service date of early 2019 proposed
- second paragraph: 10-year project is to increase Bakken oil barge traffic, according to Sierra Club
- Sierra Club: supports unlimited bird kills by wind farms
- global oil: lighter and sweeter with OPEC cut
- US, North Sea, West Africa: relatively low density, low sulfur
- Saudi Arabia, Mideast: heavier, and much more sulfur
- Atlantic: light and sweet
- Arabian: medium/heavy and sour
- Previous posts on same subject:
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Review -- Previously Posted
NYMEX:
- light crude oil for domestic U.S. oil as having an API gravity between 37° API and 42° API
- light crude oil for non-U.S. oil as being between 32° API and 42° API
- light crude oil as having a density API gravity greater than 30.1°
- API gravity greater than 35° API
- light crude oil as being between 27° API and 38° API
This variation in definition occurred because countries such as Canada and Mexico tend to have heavier crude oils than are commonly found in the United States, whose large oil fields historically produced lighter oils than are found in many other countries.Loop Sour: see this post.
LOOP Sour comprises US Gulf of Mexico grades Mars and Poseidon and a crude blend called Segregation 17, named after a cavern into which the Middle Eastern grades Arab Medium, Basrah Light and Kuwait Export Crude can be delivered. The grade has been most similar to Mars in terms of API gravity over the past 12 months, averaging 0.33 degree off Mars’ typical 29.44; and from a sulfur standpoint, averaging 0.02 percentage point off Arab Medium’s typical 2.53%.
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Benchmarks
Much, but not all, information below comes from wiki.
WTI
- A wide variety of benchmark crude oils worldwide are considered to be light. The most prominent in North America is West Texas Intermediate (WTI):
- API gravity of 39.6° API; lighter than Brent, but not by much
- sulfur: 0.24% (sweet oil is defined as oil with sulfur content less than 0.5%)
- "basket" changed in early 2017 due to older fields depleting
- Platts will add Norway's Troll to the basket of four British and Norwegian crude grades which is already uses to assess dated Brent from January 1, 2018
- this will join Brent, Forties, Oseberg, Ekofisk, or BFOE as they are known
- Troll: a light, sweet crude; operated by Statoil (also contributes to the Oseberg, Statfjord, Gullfaks, Grane and Asgard streams)
- the most commonly referenced benchmark oil from Europe is Brent Crude, which is
- 38.06° API
- the third most commonly quoted benchmark is Dubai Crude, which is 31° API
- this is considered light by Arabian standards but would not be considered light if produced in the U.S.
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Others
Saudia Arabia's Ghawar field:
- the largest oil field in the world, Saudi Arabia's Ghawar field
- light crude oils ranging from 33° API to 40° API (see above; most would consider Saudi oil to be medium/heavy; and sour
- 31.4°
- sulfur: 0.96%
36 to 44 degrees API. The quality of this oil is excellent, almost identical to WTI. The benchmark crude oil is West Texas Intermediate, which is 40 degrees API sweet crude. It is the benchmark because it requires the least amount of processing in a modern refinery to make the most valuable products, unleaded gasoline and diesel fuel.North Dakota Spearfish: 36°
- presentation, Corinthian, undated, perhaps early 2014
- sulfur content: 0.8% to 1%
- Isthmus: 21.8°.3.3% sulfur
- Maya: 33.4°; 1.35% sulfur
- Olmeca: 37.3°; 0.84% sulfur
Crude oil found in Iraq varies significantly in quality, with API gravities generally ranging from 22° (heavy) to 35° (medium - light).
Over 70% of national oil reserves are below 28° API and the International Energy Agency (IEA) predicted in its 2012 report on Iraq that future production is likely to include a larger share of heavier crudes. However some of the crudes produced at the Taq Taq field in the norther semi-autonomous Kurdistan region are as light as 48° API, dubbed by Reuters as "champagne crude." See Taq Taq here.California: heavy oil; pdf here -- old data, from 2004, but type of oil probably has not changed
- Kern County: heavy oil with 1.2% sulfur; accounts for 75% of California's on-shore production
- Los Angeles Basin: heavy oil; sulfur content 1.7% to 2.0%
- Off-shore: intermediate for the most part, 18° (heavy) to 36° (medium-light)
Seeks low-sulphur, light oil, September 1, 2015:
Net crude exporter Petroecuador issued a tender to import 30 million barrels of light sweet crude over the course of a year in an attempt to maximize diesel and gasoline production when its Esmeraldas refinery comes back online in the fourth quarter, market sources said Tuesday.
Petroecuador is seeking 30 million barrels of low sulfur crude oil with an API gravity of 28 degrees to be delivered in a one-year period, according to a tender issued late Monday.
The state-owned oil company is seeking the barrels "in order to optimize the Esmeraldas refinery operations, once the revamping has been complete," the tender said.
Venezuela: heavy oil, similar to Canadian oil sands.
Brazil:
- a medium heavy crude (perfect for diesel, unlike WTI / Bakken)
- an API gravity of around 28.4 degrees
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Notes To The Granddaughters
Olivia's soccer team won today, 1 - 0. Her team was awarded max points: points for the win and points for the shut-out. They knocked off the #1 team in their bracket. Olivia's team is now in 1st place in their bracket. The other team may have dropped to third place depending on how other teams do today.
Olivia plays midfield and defense but today was given credit for the assist with the one goal. She kicked the ball to the player who scored.
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