AI -- August 20, 2024

Locator: 48480AI.

Link here. 

There are two camps in America with regard to AI:

• AI is all hype;
• AI is real; it's not hype.

I'm in the second camp.

All I see is the need for a lot of electricity.

Google AI Making Huge Investment In Dallas Area -- August 15, 2024

Locator: 48426AI.

With regard to AI:

• some feel it is hyped;
• others say it is not hyped.

I'm in camp B.

Exhibit:

Big on the nightly news tonight:

 

Ticker:

Texas AI: Everything's Bigger In Texas. Including Data Centers -- July 18, 2024

Locator: 48175AI.

Tag: hyperscalers data centers

Texas AI: everything's bigger in Texas. Including data centers. Link here. Will be the largest in the world.

"AI Chips" -- Apple Silicon -- Where Does It All Fit? May 28, 2024

Locator: 47972TECH.

In the "chip" sector, what is most important to me now is where Apple fits in with regard to "chips" and data centers.

So, the first question, what is meant by "AI chips"?

Link here for answer. From 2020. Great, great article. Full article will be archived for future reference.

AI chips include graphics processing units (GPUs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that are specialized for AI. General-purpose chips like central processing units (CPUs) can also be used for some simpler AI tasks, but CPUs are becoming less and less useful as AI advances. (Section V(A).)

Like general-purpose CPUs, AI chips gain speed and efficiency (that is, they are able to complete more computations per unit of energy consumed) by incorporating huge numbers of smaller and smaller transistors, which run faster and consume less energy than larger transistors. But unlike CPUs, AI chips also have other, AI-optimized design features. These features dramatically accelerate the identical, predictable, independent calculations required by AI algorithms. They include executing a large number of calculations in parallel rather than sequentially, as in CPUs; calculating numbers with low precision in a way that successfully implements AI algorithms but reduces the number of transistors needed for the same calculation; speeding up memory access by, for example, storing an entire AI algorithm in a single AI chip; and using programming languages built specifically to efficiently translate AI computer code for execution on an AI chip. (Section V and Appendix B.)

Different types of AI chips are useful for different tasks. GPUs are most often used for initially developing and refining AI algorithms; this process is known as “training.” FPGAs are mostly used to apply trained AI algorithms to real-world data inputs; this is often called “inference.” ASICs can be designed for either training or inference. (Section V(A).)

So, that's a start. 

Tech is tracked here.  

Wiki's page on transistor count is the next most important page.

On that wiki page, the most important two tables are: GPUs and FPGA chips.

As an Apple investor, I want to see Apple in the GPU arena. And maybe to some extent, FPGA. 

Right now:

• CPUs: owned by Apple silicon.
• GPUs: owned by Nvidia. AMD a distant second.
• FGPA: Xilinx (AMD bought Xilinx years ago).

The next big question: can the revolutionary Apple M4 be considered a GPU? Here we go:

WSJ, May 6, 2024: Apple is developing AI chips for data centers, seeking edge in arms race. 

Let's see if we've learned anything -- what does Aaron Tilley and Yang Jie in that WSJ artile have to say? 

Over the past decade, Apple has emerged as a leading player designing chips for iPhones, iPads, Apple Watch and Mac computers. The server project, which is internally code-named Project ACDC—for Apple Chips in Data Center—will bring this talent to bear for the company’s servers, according to people familiar with the matter.

Project ACDC has been in the works for several years and it is uncertain when the new chip will be unveiled, if ever. Apple has promised many new AI products and announcements at its Worldwide Developer Conference in June.

An Apple spokesman declined to comment.

Apple has been closely working with its chip-making partner Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. to design and initiate production of such chips, yet it remains uncertain whether they have yielded a definitive result, some of the people said.For Apple’s server chip, the component will likely be focused on running AI models—what is known as inference—rather than on training AI models, where chip maker Nvidia will likely continue to dominate, according to some of the people.

Not at all helpful.

Tim Cook needs to be very clear, very specific what he means by AI, generative AI, "AI chips," CPUs vs GPUs, Apple Silicon, and how the brand new, incredible Apple Silicon M4 chip fits in. I'm not holding my breath.

All for now, much more to explore

Tennessee: Joining Atlanta, DFW, Portland, Northern Virginia? Hyperscalers -- May 28, 2024

Locator: 47971TECH.

Unsourced comment on CNBC earlier this morning: Elon Musk, xAI, Tennessee. This is a story to follow. Some links that may be interesting to follow for the next couple of years:

• Atlanta, Portland, Musk, January 26, 2024: again, Portland and Atlanta are big players.
• Gallatin / Nashville, July 8, 2020:

• A tech giant whose name is yet to be revealed is expected to announce construction of a hyperscale data center in Gallatin, Tennessee, a town of 40,000 located 30 miles northeast of Nashville. The giant behind “Project Woolhawk” is widely expected to be Facebook.

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Data Centers

Northern Virginia and Portland, then DFW and Atlanta, Georgia.

From an earlier post:

Georgia and fossil fuel necessary to power data centers. Link here.

And here.

Link here. A most interesting graphic:

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Data Centers / Hyperscalers

First story:

• xAI: one-million-square-foot AI center in Tennessee

• worldwide:

• US:

 

The Hyperscalers -- A Deep Dive -- May 28, 2024

Locator: 47969TECH.

This is what caught my interest: there is talk of a proposed data center in Wyoming that will be powered by small, modular nuclear reactors. Think about that. If accurate -- think how big that data center is likely to be that it requires nuclear energy. Backed by three titans, including Bill Gates. 

Location: near Cheyenne, Wyoming. Take a look at the map, and you will understand why this location. 

Links only for now:

• Cheyenne, Wyoming, 945-acre data center,
• 800,000 square feet of data centers (yes, plural) on a 945-acre plot
• the City of Cheyenne annexed 1,283 acres of land between Clear Creek Parkway and South Greeley Highway for the development of the park earlier this year.
• not much known about company behind this; partnered with company specializing in modular nuclear power units
• the company behind Goat Systems is unclear – the company is registered through services firm Corporation Service Company (CSC) – but is likely either a hyperscale operator or a developer serving the hyperscalers.
• hyperscalers:
• wiki:
• RedHat:
• digital reality:
• Nvidia "corners" all four major cloud hyperscalers with Blackwell "superchip."

Tech tracked here.

Transistor count, perhaps the most important page for novice investors in tech.

Reminder:

• CPUs
• GPUs
• NPUs
• FPGAs
• memory: RAM
• memory: flash
• memory: ROM

But right now, the emphasis on GPUs, a lot packed into this table, spend some time on it:

Disclaimer Briefly 

Reminder: I am inappropriately exuberant about the US economy and the US market, I am also inappropriately exuberant about all things Apple.

See disclaimer. This is not an investment site.

Disclaimer: this is not an investment site. Do not make any investment, financial, job, career, travel, or relationship decisions based on what you read here or think you may have read here. 

All my posts are done quickly: there will be content and typographical errors. If anything on any of my posts is important to you, go to the source. If/when I find typographical / content errors, I will correct them.  

Reminder: I am inappropriately exuberant about the US economy and the US market, I am also inappropriately exuberant about all things Apple. 

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Data Centers / Hyperscalers

First story:

• xAI: one-million-square-foot AI center in Tennessee

• worldwide:

• US: