Update On Project Tundra -- Things Not Going Well -- A Lesson In Carbon Capture? Platts -- October 20, 2021

Link here to Platts.

The U.S. has seen lawmakers from both parties agree that carbon capture is one important way to rein in greenhouse gas emissions and rural communities are rallying around plans to retrofit large American coal power plants with the technology to save jobs.

But one of the most high-profile carbon capture projects in the U.S., the $1 billion Project Tundra in North Dakota, is facing months of delays after its engineering contractor apparently pulled out in March. The Minnkota Power Cooperative Inc., which is spearheading the project at its 692-MW Milton R. Young coal-fired power plant, has acknowledged it is also having difficulty securing private-sector funding

"It's not clear why investors would sink a billion dollars into any risky and controversial coal carbon capture proposal, much less one facing such major outstanding questions," said Joe Smyth, a research manager with the Energy and Policy Institute. The watchdog group obtained copies of reports the electric co-op filed with the U.S. Energy Department detailing Project Tundra's struggles.

Minnkota received a $9.8 million grant from the DOE in 2019 for the front-end engineering work that has now been delayed by a year. The co-op said in its latest quarterly progress report to the DOE that it is talking with other potential construction contractors but that the process "is progressing slower than anticipated."

Minnkota's former contractor Fluor Corp. could continue to work on Project Tundra in a more limited capacity and bring in additional partners, noted John Thompson, a technology and markets director for the Clean Air Task Force who monitors U.S. carbon capture projects. He said Fluor likely did not walk away from the contractor job over concerns with the technology but rather due to its corporatewide push away from fixed price to reimbursable contracts.

More at the link. ProjectTundra is a tag. 

Coincidentally and ironically another CCS story was posted just a few minutes earlier. 

Although someone may have bit off more than one could chew, it speaks volumes about CCS programs going forward. Environmentalists and oil and gas companies, take note. I think this would be of more concern to oil and gas companies rather than faux environmentalists. Faux environmentalists generally have no "skin in the game."

Summit Carbon Solutions -- October 20, 2021

Updates

Later, 5:56 p.m. CT: for a story on another CCS project, see this post. 

Original Post 

From January 6, 2013: from 2013! Another carbon capture process. Wow.

From September 29, 2021:

Six new permits, #38589 - #38594, inclusive:

• Operators: MRO (5); Summit Carbon Solutions, LLC
• Fields: Bailey (Dunn); Wildcat (Mercer County)
• Comments:
  
• first time I've seen Summit Carbon Solutions; Milton Flemmer 1, NWNE 35-141-88; 

From today: 

Two new permits:

• Operators: MRO, Summit Carbon Solutions
• Fields: Bailey (Dunn); Wildcat (Mercer)
• Comments:
• Summit Carbon Solutions has a permit, #38622, for an Archie Erickson 2 well, to be sited in SWSW 12-142-88, a wildcat, to be sited 902 FSL and 794 FWL

From NDIC well search, link here:

• no mention of Summit Carbon Solutions
• the NDIC database is broken
• the NDIC database is "accurate" up to July 14, 2021, which explains why Summit Carbon Solutions is not found at the NDIC well search site. 

From GlobalGazette, Octobder 15, 2021:

In the coming weeks, an Ames-based company will be making its pitch to residents throughout North Iowa about a new carbon capture pipeline that would cross about 172 miles in the area and reach into four other states. 

Per a post on the Iowa Utilities Board website, Summit Carbon Solutions filed a request for public information meetings in each county where real property or property rights would be affected. In North Iowa, that includes the counties of: Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Franklin, Hancock, Kossuth and Wright. Based on Iowa Code, those meetings need to be conducted at least 30 days before a company files a petition for a new pipeline permit. 

The way the pipeline would work is that carbon dioxide emissions at local ethanol plants would be captured, liquefied and then transported to a site in North Dakota where it would be stored deep underground (according to the filing). On the website for Summit Carbon, project partners include companies such as Golden Grain Energy out of Mason City, Quad County Corn Processors in Galva and Siouxland Energy Cooperative in Sioux Center.

Norfolk Daily News, September 27, 2021: proposed routes through Nebraska, Iowa, with maps.

Crude Oil -- Peak Demand, Peak Supply -- Which Comes First? -- Morgan Stanley Says Peak Supply -- Result: Significantly Higher Crude Oil Prices Sooner Than Later -- October 20, 2021

Generally, with regard to ZeroHedge, I can take it or leave it. But this particular article, linked here, sent to me by a reader, is a "keeper," and a must-read. I'm not going to cut / paste any excerpt. If interested, one will have to go to the link at ZeroHedge. I have archived it. If the link breaks or the article disappears let me know and I will forward you what I can. 

I read the article very, very quickly. I probably missed a lot and probably misread a lot but bottom line, Morgan Stanly suggests global demand for energy (and percent of crude oil's contribution) will grow more quickly than forecast and current production trends suggest, in Morgan Stanley's estimation, that production will not keep with up with demand.

Short soundbite: peak demand will occur before peak supply. 

Two comments with regard to the article.

First.

The big unknown is exactly of what Saudi Arabia is capable. To what degree can OPEC+ / Saudi Arabia change the equation. Perhaps I should do a poll on this but it's my feeling that readers are pretty much divided:

• half of my readers would say that Saudi Arabia is sandbagging us, purposely under-producing, to drive prices higher;
• the other half would argue that Saudi Arabia may indeed be challenged with greater production to meet increased demand.

Regardless of the correct answer, which may not be known for years / decades, it is the great unknown in the peak demand / peak supply equation. 

Second.

I read the article quickly and I may have missed it but, although I saw China (and Asia) mentioned, I did not see India mentioned. India always seems to be left out of these discussions. 

Bottom line: the tea leaves suggest --

• most conservatively: crude oil will stay in the current trading range through the end of the year;
• increasing number of analysis: suggestions that crude oil will trend toward $95 by mid-2020 if not by the end of this year (2021)
• some options traders are willing to put some money on $200 oil by the end of 2022.

Having said that, some analysts suggest crude oil could drop to $40, and maybe lower. 

Be that as it may, the linked ZeroHedge article is a keeper.

Let's Go, Bakken; Two New Permits; BR Renews Eleven Permits -- October 20, 2021

Jim Cramer:

• coined the acronym, "FANG" or "FAANG"
• tonight he coins the term TAN: three companies that billionaire bears said would "go to zero"; he was fired up tonight;
  
• Tesla
• Amazon
• Netflix

IBM: missing on revenue; barely beats EPS

• EPS: $2.52 vs $2.50
• revenue: $17.62 vs $17.77
• growth in cloud much slower than expected
• shares down about 4% after-hours;

CSX: beats; link here;

• EPS: 43 cents vs 38 cents
• earnings: $968 million vs $736 million in same period last year;

On tap, next: Tesla earnings. Forecast: $1.59 / share. Earnings should be announced momentarily, any time after 3:00 p.m. CT. Conference call not until 4:30 p.m. CT -- in other words, the "after-market" has ninety minutes to react to earnings prior to conference call. Link here.

Chip shortage or not, it looks like Tesla’s Q3 results are going to be quite impressive despite some supply chain issues that are pervasive in the market.

Tesla is set to report after the bell on Wednesday, and expectations are for $1.3 billion in profit for Q3—up from the paltry $331 million that the electronic vehicle manufacturer reported in Q3 2020.

Tesla’s Q3 revenue is expected to hit between $13.6 billion and $14.116 billion, up from $8.8 billion in Q3.

Tesla already reported at the beginning of October that even though the carmaker had supply chain challenges, it managed to deliver a record number of vehicles for the quarter. At 241,300 vehicles delivered, this is a record for Tesla, and it surpassed most analysts’ expectations, representing a 20% increase quarter on quarter.

Elon Musk had anticipated a 50% increase in the number of cars delivered in 2021 by more than 50% over last year’s half a million. And it looks like Tesla will easily beat that, delivering 627,000 in the first nine months of the year.

Tesla, actual: huge beat -- record revenue, record earnings --

• revenue; $13.76 billion vs $13.63 billion
• EPS: $1.86 vs $1.59
• automotive gross margins: 28.8% vs 24.7
• shares up very little after hours; flat; now a bit negative after hours; maybe investors were looking for better revenue numbers?
  

***************************************
Let's Go, Bakken

Active rigs:

$84.25	10/20/2021	10/20/2020	10/20/2019	10/20/2018	10/20/2017
Active Rigs	28	15	61	71	54

Two new permits:

• Operators: MRO, Summit Carbon Solutions
• Fields: Bailey (Dunn); Wildcat (Mercer)
• Comments:
• Summit Carbon Solutions has a permit, #38622, for an Archie Erickson 2 well, to be sited in SWSW 12-142-88, a wildcat, to be sited 902 FSL and 794 FWL; for more on Summit Carbon Solutions, see this post.
  
• MRO has a permit, #38621, for a Fallstrom well to be sited in NENW 30-146-93, to be sited 505 FNL and 623 FEL

Eleven permits renewed:

• BR: five Carlsbad permits; two Boxstone permits; one Boxer permit; and one Parrish permit, all in McKenzie County; in addition, permit for a Mancord permit in Dunn County

Slawson Has Fracked, Reported Several New Gunslinger Wells -- October 20, 2021

This page will not be updated. These wells are tracked elsewhere. 

But, for the record, Slawson has fracked and reported a number of newer Gunslinger wells in Sand Creek. The wells have been updated. I have not included the Gunslinger permits that were canceled; they can be found where the Gunslinger wells are tracked.

This is not an atypical production profile for the newer Gunslinger wells. This is #33621:

Pool	Date	Days	BBLS Oil	Runs	BBLS Water	MCF Prod	MCF Sold	Vent/Flare
BAKKEN	8-2021	31	7906	7906	20874	73604	73449	0
BAKKEN	7-2021	31	8844	8950	23227	50579	50068	356
BAKKEN	6-2021	28	9507	9477	24858	55439	54542	757
BAKKEN	5-2021	21	9570	9674	22255	42846	42594	144
BAKKEN	4-2021	24	12160	12648	30701	53050	49101	3829
BAKKEN	3-2021	31	25413	25251	48181	95160	95005	0
BAKKEN	2-2021	27	29627	30459	44856	99873	96447	3289
BAKKEN	1-2021	31	25888	25294	58594	134878	80159	54574
BAKKEN	12-2020	31	20835	20693	46708	70809	67669	3040
BAKKEN	11-2020	29	30811	31498	64112	96372	70144	26085
BAKKEN	10-2020	3	1575	0	3710	6130	450	566

Note:

• 33625: 351K in less than 20 months; still producing 15,000 bbls/31 days; cum 490K 8/21;
  
• 33625: note the "chronologic number" -- #12
  

The wells, a 10-well pad, from the south, running north:

• 36362, 1,482, Slawson, Gunslinger ....1H, Sand Creek, t4/21; cum 129K 8/21;
  
• 36360, 1,510, Slawson, Gunslinger ....1TFH, Sand Creek, t4/21; cum 91K 8/21;
  
• 36358, 1,457, Slawson, Gunslinger ....1H, Sand Creek, t4/21; cum 127K 8/21;
  
• 36357, 1,242, Slawson, Gunslinger ....1TFH, Sand Creek, t4/21; cum 92K 8/21;
  
• 36356, 1,817, Slawson, Gunslinger ....1H, Sand Creek, t4/21; cum 116K 8/21;
  
• 36354, 1,904, Slawson, Gunslinger ....1TFH, Sand Creek, t3/21; cum 87K 8/21;
  

From the north, running south:

• 33626, conf, Slawson, Gunslinger ....1TF2H, Sand Creek,
• 33625, 1,433, Slawson, Gunslinger Federal 4-1-12H, Sand Creek, t2/18; cum 351K 10/19; went off line 10/19; back on line 2/21; cum 490K 8/21;
  
• 33624, 877, Slawson, Gunslinger Federal 7-1-12TFH, t2/21; cum 123K 8/21;
  
• 33623, 772, Slawson, Gunslinger ....12H, Sand Creek, t12/20; cum 144K 8/21;
  
• 33621, 2,070, Slawson, Gunslinger ....12TFH, Sand Creek, t11/20; cum 182K 8/21;
  

Notes From All Over -- The Ivermectin Edition -- October 20, 2021

Fed rates: 1950s -- "they" were raising rates throughout the 1950s and the 1950s were the best years ever for the stock market. Analyst on CNBC -- my favorite analyst on CNBC.

Holiday spending: it will be huge this year. Just saying. More on this later as stories start to be reported. If you question me on this, check out my favorite graph. Updated data for September, 2021, has just been posted.

Boring: like him, hate, ignore him, whatever, but you have to admit he's pretty amazing. I think his SpaceX company now launches more communications satellites into space any other company or agency (combined); of course, Tesla; and the flame throwers. But now, just announced, Elon Musk's Boring Company has the contract for designing and building a 27-mile tunnel/loop under the city of Las Vegas to carry 57,000 passengers per hour. 

Covid: finally, looking forward to a US study involving ivermectin. The first study? Nebraska (ivdermection, yes) vs California (ivermectin, no). I think Nebraska physicians will be surprised to find out how many Americans suffer from undiagnosed river blindness. Link here.

$600 --> $10,000. I don't know if folks have been following the Resident Biden / SecTreasury Janet Yellen plan to let the IRS to track all bank transactions greater than $600. 

Yellen said it was to fight tax evasion among billionaires. Of course, that's laughable. Billionaires aren't avoiding taxes by moving money around in $600 increments. Now, having failed that, Biden / Yellen have moved the $600 threshold to $10,000. Yellen gives the same excuse: to track billionaires. I thought the Biden / Yellen plan was part of the long-term goal to have an annual post-card IRS tax filing: the IRS would figure the tax one would owe and one would only file one's own tax report if one did not agree to what the IRS figured. 

But something else is going on. Quick: who  / what is most against this idea? It turns out the bankers are fighting this tooth and nail. And the GOP. And the Dems to a great extent. Something else is going on and I think I know what it is, but I will let others think about it first. But ask yourself, why would banks be fighting this tooth and nail? Who is really pushing the Biden / Yellen plan, and why?

***********************************
Wireless Headphones

I finally moved farther into the 21st century, ordering -- for the first time ever -- my first set of wireless headphones. I always thought they were too expensive and I was happy with the sound system I had. But I'll be traveling soon and I frequently get up in the middle of the night to listen to music, and thought it was about time to get "with the program."

Beats® headphones seem to run in the $350 range. 

Last night -- maybe late afternoon -- I ordered a pair of Sony wireless headphones, WH-CH510, for $39 from Amazon. They arrived moments ago. And moments ago I was listening to Lana Del Rey from my iPad Pro which has no headphone jack. 

Awesome.

Fully charged, the headphones will play up to 35 hours. On a fast ten-minute charge will play for ninety minutes. No batteries. Comes with short charging cord; can be charged from computer port.

Claims to have noise suppression. I'll see next week. 

Random Update Of The XTO Sorkness State Wells -- October 20, 2021

I'm not going to update this page. The wells are tracked elsewhere.

However, I was curious if there was anything new with regard to the XFTO Sorkness State wells. 

The wells are listed below and updated. There is no real change except for the fact that one of the older, producing, active wells is now off line, suggesting XTO is getting ready to frack the newer Sorkness wells, or not:

The wells:

• 24945, off line 7/21, 1,359, XTO, Sorkness State 24X-36A, Sorkness, t11/13; cum 247K 9/20; cum 259K 7/21; off line 7/21; remains off line 8/21;
  
• 24944, 1,595, XTO, Sorkness State 24X-36B, Sorkness, t11/13; cum 215K 9/20; cum 229K 8/21;
  
• 18959, AB/IAW/378, XTO, Sorkness State 34X-36. Sorkness, t10/10; cum 251K 9/20; remains off line 8/21;
  
• 36135, conf-->SI/IAW, API: 33-061-04428, no FracFocus data; XTO, Sorkness State Federal 34X-36G, API: 33-061-04429, no FracFocus data;
• 36135, conf-->SI/IAW, API: 33-061-04429, no FracFocus data; XTO, Sorkness State Federal 34X-36C, Sorkness, t--; cum --;
• 36137, conf-->SI/IAW, API: 33-061-04430, no FracFocus data; XTO, Sorkness State Federal 34X-36H, Sorkness, t--; cum --;
• 36138, conf-->SI/IAW, API: 33-061-04431, no FracFocus data; XTO, Sorkness State Federal 34X-36D, Sorkness, t--; cum --;

Notes From All Over -- Dow Hits Record High -- October 20, 2021

I need to start a new series, most ridiculous "things" coming out of Washington, DC. I guess the reason I don't want to start such a series, it would be never-ending. LOL.

However, having said that, the suggestion that Washington, DC, would release oil from the SPR to bring down the price of gasoline would made that list. First of all, that would be illegal. The "law" actually specifically says the SPR cannot be used as a tool to manipulate the price of oil / gasoline. But, if the administration "broke the law" on this one, who would sue? LOL. 

But the bigger problem is that US refiners are already well-supplied. The refiners might benefit but everyone knows the price of gasoline would not drop much, with everything else staying equal.

Inflation: being interviewed now, another talking head says the same thing -- some inflation is good. Period. Dot. Nelson Peltz, chairman of the board, Wendy's. Wendy's is now #2 in that group, finally displacing Burger King. Peltz is not worried about inflation; not worried about labor shortage. As an individual, he worries about inflation, departing Afghanistan too early, about a million things. But as an investor, he's not all that concerned about headlines.

Vaccines: this will be fun to watch. Resident Biden says companies with federal contracts will lose those contracts if they don't mandate vaccines. Southwest Airlines has not backpedaled; mandates no longer required. Southwest Airlines with huge federal contracts. Let's see who blinks. Compare December 15, 2021, let's see if Southwest Airlines still has those federal contracts. Right before Christmas travel.

Millennials: have never seen a down market.

Bitcoin: up an astounding $2,500. Now trading at $66,500.

Dow: surging. Up another 200 points. At an all-time record.

***************************
Twitter Tweets Today

Just sayin':

• "Crude on fire" after today's EIA report.
• China considering market intervention on coal.
• XOM debates abandoning some of its biggest oil and gas projects. Link to WSJ.
• US oil stockpiles at Cushing at lowest since October, 2018. Does it matter?
• Exactly correct, the Saudi position: Saudi energy minister, "Even if we made the crude available in tons and tons, who is going to burn it? Where are the refineries that will convert it? And who is in need? Are they in need of crude? Or natural gas?"
• Saudi energy minister: demand from gas-to-oil switch, up to 600,000 bpd from 500,000 just a week ago.
• US implied oil demand rose by almost two million bbls w/w to 21.832 million bpd.
• India: long-term oil demand from 4 million bpd today to 9 million bpd in 2040. They should have plenty of oil; the rest of the world -- other than China -- have said they will end need for oil by 2050. LOL. Link here. Direct to Platts here.
• Dow sets new all-time record.

On Tap Today -- October 20, 2021

Opening thought: folks are way too concerned about inflation. Way too concerned. In fact, some types / some amount of inflation is very good. 

Labor shortage? Self-inflicted. What's this all about? Link here. 

• 80,000 green cards are about to disappear from the US.
• it's this sort of garbage that makes me re-think my position on the southern surge

Rick Rieder, BlackRock CEO: incredibly bullish interview, yesterday over at CNBC; a must-hear interview for any investor. 

Legacy fund: deposits for October, 2021, pending. 

Weekly EAI petroleum report, link here:

• US crude oil in storage decreased by 0.4 million bbls, a rounding error.
  
• US crude oil in storage stands at 426.5 million bbls, 6% below the five-year average. It should be noted that the five-year average has been very "fat" so 6% below is "overstated."
  
• US refiners are operating at 84.7% of their operable capacity (yawn -- again).
  
• US crude oil imports averaged 5.8 million bbls per day; down by 169,000  bopd from the previous week; over the past four weeks, imports average 6.4 million bpd, about 20% more than same four-week period last year;
  
• distillate fuel inventories decreased by 3.9 million bbls; ten percent below the five-year average.
  
• total products supplied, at 21%, is up 14% from same period last year; need data from 2019 for better comparison;
  
• jet fuel supplied was up 50% from same four-week period last year; again, we need data from 2019for better comparison;
  

********************************
Sunrise Over Flathead Lake

***************************
Twitter Tweets Today

Just sayin':

• "Crude on fire" after today's EIA report.
• China considering market intervention on coal.
• XOM debates abandoning some of its biggest oil and gas projects. Link to WSJ.
• US oil stockpiles at Cushing at lowest since October, 2018. Does it matter?
• Exactly correct, the Saudi position: Saudi energy minister, "Even if we made the crude available in tons and tons, who is going to burn it? Where are the refineries that will convert it? And who is in need? Are they in need of crude? Or natural gas?"
• Saudi energy minister: demand from gas-to-oil switch, up to 600,000 bpd from 500,000 just a week ago.
• US implied oil demand rose by almost two million bbls w/w to 21.832 million bpd.
• India: long-term oil demand from 4 million bpd today to 9 million bpd in 2040. They should have plenty of oil; the rest of the world -- other than China -- have said they will end need for oil by 2050. LOL. Link here. Direct to Platts here.
• Dow sets new all-time record.

Notes From All Over -- The Random Wiki Entry Note -- October 20, 2021

US equity markets: it's possible we could see an all-time high on the S&P 500 today.

• Bitcoin: up another $1,700 and now trading over $65,500 -- this is, of course, another new all-time high;
• ten-year treasury: hit 1.67% overnight; dropped back slightly in early morning trading
• Dow: after being flat to slightly negative overnight, up 100 points out of the gate this morning, and now up over 104 points. (8:52 a.m. CT)
• bellwether stocks for me;
• AAPL: green, up 0.35%;
  
• ENB: red, down 0.26%;
  
• SRE: very green, up 0.80%
• OKE: red; own 034%
  

Random observation / question:

• surging price of natural gas pulling price of oil upward;
• is gamification of trading (Robin Hood) and fervor of Bitcoin pulling US equity markets upward, also?

Labor shortage? Self-inflicted. What's this all about? Link here. 

• 80,000 green cards are about to disappear from the US.
• it's this sort of garbage that makes me re-think my position on the southern surge
  

Prussic acid: at wiki.

• hydrogen cyanide
• highly poisonous
• highly valued precursor to many chemical compounds
• first isolated from a blue pigment: Prussian blue, 1706; at time, structure unknown;
• an acid that did not contain oxygen ("acid-former"): upset acid theory
• cyan: ancient Greek word for blue --> cyan-ide
• apricot pits, as well as other fruit pits
• possibly a precursor to amino and nucleic acids, possibly playing a part in origin of life;
• prussic acid poisoning and livestock: SDSU -- link here.

*Transistors on a chip, wiki has just update the table at this site; tracked here on the blog;

• 2020, Apple M1: Apple has record with 16 billion transistors on a chip
• also, HiSilicon Kiri 9000, 15.3 billion transistors on a chip, Huawei
• 2021: AMD Ryzen 7 5800H: 10.7 billion
• 2021: Apple M1 Pro: new record, 37 billion transistors on a chip;
• 2021: Apple M1 Max: new record, 55 billion transistors on a chip;
  

Again, this graphic was updated overnight by wiki:

CP-KSU rail:

-- increased CBR traffic through Minnesota with CP-KSU merger
-- western Canadian sands oil all the way to Mexico on same, uninterrupted line;
-- DRUbit less hazardous than most other hazardous material shipped by rail

Looks Like A Quiet, Boring Day -- Oh, That's Right -- Tesla Reports At Close -- October 20, 2021

China:

• oil: building inventories during the year of the plague, while rest of world was drawing down; now China is drawing down; since May, China drew down by 550,000 bpd, roughly have the world pace; last week it drew by 2 million b/d, twice the word pace; link here.
• coal: aims to raise coal output to 12 million tons per day; back in May had said it would cap coal to 11.2 million tons/day, link here;
• never in history has a ton of coal cost more -- Bloomberg

That climate warming conference in Glasgow? "No one" is going. World leaders not attending: Biden, Putin, Xi, Queen Elizabeth. It looks like John Kerry will be the headliner. 

Facebook: website stays, but "holding company" re-brands itself. 

Tesla earnings at close today. Link here. 

On tap today: CP, CSX,  KMI, IBM.

Bitcoin: up a bit. Up about $400, trading solidly above $64,000.

**********************************
Let's Go, Bakken

Active rigs:

$81.98	10/20/2021	10/20/2020	10/20/2019	10/20/2018	10/20/2017
Active Rigs	28	15	61	71	54

No wells coming off confidential list.

RBN Energy: Mexico's Pacific Coast LNG export projects gain traction, part 3. Archived.

After years of waiting on the so-called “second wave” of North American LNG, 2022 could finally be the year that sees multiple LNG export projects reach a final investment decision (FID). Global gas fundamentals have been bullish for about a year, and prices hit record highs throughout the summer and fall. Offtakers around the world are clamoring and competing for LNG cargoes, anticipating a volatile and undersupplied winter. But with Russian piped exports to Europe expected to increase dramatically as the controversial Nord Stream 2 pipeline finally comes online, likely early next year, North American LNG is looking for ways to be more attractive to Asian offtakers. One option on the table for North America is to go west and export from the Pacific Coast, which cuts the voyage time to Asia in half. Exporting from the Pacific Coast is not without its challenges, however, including where and how to source the feedgas required for liquefaction. In today’s RBN blog, we continue our series looking at Pacific Coast LNG export developments, this time focusing on feedgas and infrastructure for the LNG projects in Mexico.